Compensation optical system for an interferometric measuring system

1. A measurement system for determining a shape of an optical surface of a test object by interferometry, comprising a compensation optical unit and a capturing device for capturing an interferogram, which is generated from superimposing a measuring wave following an interaction of the measuring wave with the test object and a reference wave,

said compensation optical unit being configured to generate the measuring wave, directed at the test object, with a wavefront that is at least partly adapted to a target shape of the optical surface from an input wave and said compensation optical unit comprising:

a first optical element; and

a second optical element disposed downstream of the first optical element in a beam path of the input wave,

wherein a refractive power of the first optical element and a refractive power of the second optical element have mutually same signs,

wherein an entirety of the compensation optical unit has a refractive power,

wherein the second optical element is a diffractive optical element, which comprises a complex coded phase grating with at least two different phase functions and which is configured to split the input wave into the measuring wave and the reference wave following an interaction of the input wave with the first optical element, and

wherein at least 20% of the refractive power of the entire compensation optical unit, which is provided for generating the at least partly adapted wavefront of the measuring wave from a wavefront of the input wave, is allotted to the first optical element and the refractive power allotted to the first optical element has the same sign as the refractive power of the entire compensation optical unit.

2. The measurement system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second optical element comprises a substrate and diffractive structures, which are configured both for splitting the input wave into the measuring wave and the reference wave and for more closely adapting the wavefront of the input wave, which is approximately adapted to the target shape of the optical surface following an interaction of the input wave with the first optical element, to the target shape.

3. The measurement system as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the substrate of the second optical element comprises two opposing surfaces and the diffractive structures are further configured to split the input wave into the measuring wave and the reference wave, wherein the diffractive structures are disposed on only one of the two surfaces of the substrate.

4. The measurement system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second optical element is configured to generate the reference wave in reflection from the input wave following the interaction of the input wave with the first optical element.

5. The measurement system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the second optical element is configured to generate at least two calibration waves in addition to the measuring wave and the reference wave from the input wave following the interaction of the input wave with the first optical element.

6. The measurement system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first optical element is a geometrical optics optical element.

7. The measurement system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the first optical element comprises at least one aspherical optical surface.

8. The measurement system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first optical element is a diffractive optical element.

9. The measurement system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a light source for providing the input wave.

10. The measurement system as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the input wave deviates from a spherical wave by at most 10 μm following an interaction of the input wave with the first optical element.

11. A measurement system for determining a shape of an optical surface of a test object by interferometry, comprising a compensation optical unit, a capturing device for capturing an interferogram, which is generated from superimposing a measuring wave following an interaction of the measuring wave with the test object and a reference wave, and a light source for providing an input wave,

said compensation optical unit being configured to generate the measuring wave, directed at the test object, with a wavefront that is at least partly adapted to a target shape of the optical surface from the input wave and said compensation optical unit comprising:

a first optical element, and

a second optical element disposed downstream of the first optical element in a beam path of the input wave,

wherein a refractive power of the first optical element and a refractive power of the second optical element have mutually same signs,

wherein an entirety of the compensation optical unit has a refractive power,

wherein the second optical element is a diffractive optical element, which comprises a complex coded phase grating with at least two different phase functions and which is configured to split the input wave into the measuring wave and the reference wave following an interaction of the input wave with the first optical element, and

wherein at least 20% of the refractive power of the entire compensation optical unit, which is provided for generating the at least partly adapted wavefront of the measuring wave from a wavefront of the input wave, is allotted to the first optical element and the refractive power allotted to the first optical element has the same sign as the refractive power of the entire compensation optical unit;

wherein the second optical element is configured to generate the reference wave in transmission from the input wave following the interaction of the input wave with the first optical element; and wherein the reference wave has a direction of propagation that deviates from a direction of propagation of the measuring wave, and wherein the measurement system further comprises a reflective optical element, which is disposed in a beam path of the reference wave and which is embodied to reflect back the reference wave.

12. The measurement system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the second optical element comprises a substrate and diffractive structures, which are configured both for splitting the input wave into the measuring wave and the reference wave and for more closely adapting the wavefront of the input wave, which is approximately adapted to the target shape of the optical surface following an interaction of the input wave with the first optical element, to the target shape.

13. The measurement system as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the substrate of the second optical element comprises two opposing surfaces and the diffractive structures are further configured to split the input wave into the measuring wave and the reference wave, wherein the diffractive structures are disposed on only one of the two surfaces of the substrate.

14. The measurement system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the second optical element is configured to generate the reference wave in reflection from the input wave following the interaction of the input wave with the first optical element.

15. The measurement system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the second optical element is configured to generate at least two calibration waves in addition to the measuring wave and the reference wave from the input wave following the interaction of the input wave with the first optical element.

16. The measurement system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the first optical element is a geometrical optics optical element.

17. The measurement system as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the first optical element comprises at least one aspherical optical surface.

18. The measurement system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the first optical element is a diffractive optical element.

19. The measurement system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the input wave deviates from a spherical wave by at most 10 μm following an interaction of the input wave with the first optical element.

20. A method for determining a shape of an optical surface of a test object by interferometry, comprising:

providing an input wave,

generating a reference wave and a measuring wave directed at the test object with a wavefront that is at least partly adapted to a target shape of the optical surface by radiating the input wave onto a compensation optical unit, which comprises:

a first optical element disposed in a beam path of the input wave, and

a second optical element, disposed downstream of the first optical element in the beam path of the input wave, wherein the second optical element is a diffractive optical element, which comprises a complex coded phase grating with at least two different phase functions such that, following an interaction of the input wave with the first optical element, the input wave is split into the measuring wave and the reference wave by the diffractive optical element,

wherein a refractive power of the first optical element and a refractive power of the second optical element have mutually same signs,

wherein an entirety of the compensation optical unit has a refractive power, and

wherein at least 20% of the refractive power of the entire compensation optical unit applied in said generating of the measuring wave is allotted to the first optical element and the refractive power allotted to the first optical element has the same sign as the refractive power of the entire compensation optical unit, and

capturing an interferogram, which is generated by superimposing the measuring wave following an interaction of the measuring wave with the test object and the reference wave.