Interconnect structure having nanocrystalline graphene cap layer and electronic device including the interconnect structure
Provided are an interconnect structure and an electronic device including the interconnect structure. The interconnect structure includes a dielectric layer including at least one trench, a conductive wiring filling an inside of the at least one trench, and a cap layer on at least one surface of the conductive wiring. The cap layer includes nanocrystalline graphene. The nanocrystalline includes nano-sized crystals.
1. An interconnect structure comprising:
a dielectric layer comprising at least one trench;
a conductive wiring filling an inside of the at least one trench; and
a cap layer on at least one surface of the conductive wiring, the cap layer comprising nanocrystalline graphene, the nanocrystalline graphene comprising nano-sized crystals, wherein a density of the nanocrystalline graphene is 1.6 g/cc to 2.1 g/cc;
a barrier layer on an inner wall of the trench and covering a side surface and a lower surface of the conductive wiring; and
wherein the barrier layer includes a metal, a metal alloy, or metal nitride,
the cap layer extends between a sidewall of the at least one trench and a sidewall of the conductive wiring, and
the barrier layer extends between the sidewall of the conductive wiring and a sidewall of the cap layer such that the barrier layer completely separates the cap layer from the sidewall of the conductive wiring.
2. The interconnect structure of claim 1 , wherein the conductive wiring comprises one of a metal, a metal alloy, and a combination thereof.
3. The interconnect structure of claim 2 , wherein the metal comprises at least one of Cu, Ru, Al, Co, W, Mo, Ti, Ta, Ni, Pt, Cr, Rh, Ir, Pd, and Os.
4. The interconnect structure of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer is provided on the conductive wiring in the at least one trench.
5. The interconnect structure of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer has a single layer structure or a multi-layer structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked.
6. The interconnect structure of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer comprises Ta, Ti, Ru, RuTa, IrTa, W, TaN, TiN, RuN, IrTaN, TiSiN, Co, Mn, MnO, or WN.
7. The interconnect structure of claim 6 , wherein
the barrier layer includes RuTa, IrTa, W, TaN, TiN, RuN, IrTaN, TiSiN, Mn, MnO, or WN.
8. The interconnect structure of claim 7 , wherein
the barrier layer includes W, Mn, MnO, or WN.
9. The interconnect structure of claim 4 , wherein the conductive wiring comprises a platinum metal, and the barrier layer comprises a metal having a standard oxidation-reduction potential of 0 or less.
10. The interconnect structure of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer is provided on both sides of the conductive wiring.
11. The interconnect structure of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer is provided to surround the conductive wiring.
12. The interconnect structure of claim 1 , wherein the cap layer is provided on a bottom of the conductive wiring.
13. The interconnect structure of claim 1 , wherein the cap layer is provided on both sides of the conductive wiring.
14. The interconnect structure of claim 1 , wherein the cap layer is provided to surround the conductive wiring.
15. An interconnect structure comprising:
a dielectric layer comprising at least one trench;
a conductive wiring filling an inside of the at least one trench;
a cap layer on at least one surface of the conductive wiring, the cap layer comprising nanocrystalline graphene, the nanocrystalline graphene comprising nano-sized crystals, wherein a density of the nanocrystalline graphene is 1.6 g/cc to 2.1 g/cc;
a barrier layer between the cap layer and the conductive wiring, wherein
an upper surface of the dielectric layer is level with an upper surface of the barrier layer, a lower surface of the cap layer, or both the upper surface of the barrier layer and the lower surface of the cap layer, and
wherein the barrier layer extends between a sidewall of the conductive wiring and a sidewall of the cap layer such that the barrier layer completely separates the cap layer from the sidewall of the conductive wiring.
16. The interconnect structure of claim 15 , wherein the cap layer is provided on a top of the conductive wiring.
17. The interconnect structure of claim 15 , wherein the cap layer is provided on a top and both sides of the conductive wiring.
18. The interconnect structure of claim 15 , wherein
the upper surface of the dielectric layer is level with the lower surface of the cap layer.
19. An interconnect structure comprising:
a dielectric layer comprising at least one trench;
a conductive wiring filling an inside of the at least one trench; and
a cap layer on at least a top of the conductive wiring, the cap layer comprising nanocrystalline graphene, the nanocrystalline graphene comprising nano-sized crystals, wherein a density of the nanocrystalline graphene is 1.6 g/cc to 2.1 g/cc, and
an upper surface of the dielectric layer being level with an upper surface of the conductive wiring, a lower surface of the cap layer, or both the upper surface of the conductive wiring and the lower surface of the cap layer.