High strength, scratch resistant and transparent glass-based materials
Embodiments of a transparent glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a second phase that is different from and is dispersed in the glass phase are provided. The second phase may comprise a crystalline or a nanocrystalline phase, a fiber, and/or glass particles. In some embodiments, the second phase is crystalline. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based material has a transmittance of at least about 88% over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa·m 1/2 , and wherein a surface of the glass-based material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3 w.
1. A glass-based material, the glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a crystalline phase dispersed within the glass phase, wherein
the glass-based material has a transmittance of at least about 88%/mm over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm,
the glass-based material has a thickness of less than or equal to 1 mm,
the glass-based material has at least a 60% survival rate when subjected to an inverted ball on sandpaper test with a 4.2 g stainless steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm from a drop height of 100 cm onto a 30 grit sandpaper positioned above the surface of the glass-based material so there is a 100 μm air gap, wherein the survival rate is based on testing at least 5 samples,
the crystalline phase is a ceramic phase comprising at least one of mullite, spinel, β-quartz, petalite, lithium disilicate, β-spodumene, nepheline, and alumina,
the glass phase comprises at least one of a soda lime glass, an alkali aluminosilicate glass, and a lithium alumina silicate glass, and
the glass-based material has a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa·m 1/2 .
2. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein a surface of the glass-based material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3 w.
3. The glass-based material of claim 1 , further comprising a second crystalline phase, the second crystalline phase comprising nepheline or anorthite.
4. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein a difference in refractive index between the glass phase and the crystalline phase is less than about 0.025.
5. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has a retained strength after abrasion of at least about 250 MPa as measured by abraded ring-on-ring testing.
6. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than about 45×10 −7 K −1 .
7. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has a Young's modulus in a range from about 80 GPa to about 100 GPa.
8. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the crystalline phase comprises particles having a mean size in a range from 5 nm to 200 nm.
9. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein a volume fraction of the crystalline phase in the glass-based material is in a range from 10% to about 98%.
10. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has at least a 70% survival rate when subjected to an inverted ball on sandpaper test with a 4.2 g stainless steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm from a drop height of 100 cm onto a 30 grit sandpaper positioned above the surface of the glass-based material so there is a 100 μm air gap, wherein the survival rate is based on testing at least 5 samples.
11. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has at least a 80% survival rate when subjected to an inverted ball on sandpaper test with a 4.2 g stainless steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm from a drop height of 100 cm onto a 30 grit sandpaper positioned above the surface of the glass-based material so there is a 100 μm air gap, wherein the survival rate is based on testing at least 5 samples.
12. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has at least a 90% survival rate when subjected to an inverted ball on sandpaper test with a 4.2 g stainless steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm from a drop height of 100 cm onto a 30 grit sandpaper positioned above the surface of the glass-based material so there is a 100 μm air gap, wherein the survival rate is based on testing at least 5 samples.
13. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material has at least a 60% survival rate when subjected to an inverted ball on sandpaper test with a 4.2 g stainless steel ball having a diameter of 10 mm from a drop height of 175 cm onto a 30 grit sandpaper positioned above the surface of the glass-based material so there is a 100 μm air gap, wherein the survival rate is based on testing at least 5 samples.
14. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based material is ion exchanged.
15. A consumer electronic product comprising the glass-based material of claim 1 .
16. The consumer electronic product of claim 15 , further comprising a housing, wherein the glass-based material forms at least a portion of the housing.
17. The consumer electronic product of claim 15 , further comprising a cover plate, wherein the glass-based material forms at least a portion of the cover plate.
18. The glass-based material of claim 1 , wherein the glass phase comprises:
55 to 75 mol % SiO 2 ;
10 to 20 mol % Al 2 O 3 ;
0 to 16 mol % B 2 O 3 ;
0 to 4 mol % Na 2 O;
0 to 4 mol % K 2 O;
0 to 8 mol % Li 2 O;
0 to 12 mol % MgO;
0 to 10 mol % ZnO;
0 to 5 mol % ZrO 2 ; and
0 to 0.5 mol % SnO 2 .