Non-covalent loading of plant picovirus particles
A method of non-covalently loading a plant picornavirus is described. The method includes contacting a plant picornavirus in solution with a molar excess of a cargo molecule to load the plant picornavirus with the cargo molecule, and then purifying the loaded plant picornavirus. Examples of cargo molecules include imaging agents, antitumor agents, and antiviral agents. Loaded plant picornaviruses prepared in this manner can be used to delivering cargo molecule to cells.
1. A method of loading a plant picornavirus, comprising
contacting a plant picornavirus in solution with a molar excess of at least about 500 fold of a cargo molecule to load the plant picornavirus with the cargo molecule, and
purifying the loaded plant picornavirus.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant picornavirus is a cowpea mosaic virus.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cargo molecule has an affinity for nucleic acid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cargo molecule is an imaging agent.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cargo molecule is an antitumor agent.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cargo molecule is an antiviral agent.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant picornavirus is in contact with the cargo molecule for at least an hour, and wherein the molar excess of cargo molecule is from about 5,000 to about 15,0000.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of chemically modifying the lysine side chains on the surface of the plant picornavirus.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the chemical modification is PEGylation.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the chemical modification is attachment of a cell penetrating peptide or targeting ligand.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant picornavirus is obtained from the extract of a plant infected by the plant picornavirus.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of purifying the loaded plant picornavirus comprises dialysis of the plant picornavirus solution.
13. A method of delivering a cargo molecule to a target cell, comprising contacting the cell with a plant picornavirus loaded with the cargo molecule, prepared according to claim 1 .
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the target cell is a vimentin-expressing cell.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cell is a cancer cell.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the plant picornavirus is a cowpea mosaic virus.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cargo molecule is an imaging agent.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cargo molecule is an antitumor agent.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cargo molecule is an antiviral agent.
20. The method of claim 13 , wherein the target cell is in a subject, and the loaded plant picornavirus is administered in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.