Non-covalent loading of plant picovirus particles
A method of non-covalently loading a plant picornavirus is described. The method includes contacting a plant picornavirus in solution with a molar excess of a cargo molecule to load the plant picornavirus with the cargo molecule, and then purifying the loaded plant picornavirus. Examples of cargo molecules include imaging agents, antitumor agents, and antiviral agents. Loaded plant picornaviruses prepared in this manner can be used to delivering cargo molecule to cells.
1. A nanoparticle comprising a native plant picornavirus that has been loaded with one or more cargo molecules, the one or more cargo molecules non-covalently infused into the interior of the native plant picornavirus, wherein the native plant picornavirus is loaded by contacting the native plant picornavirus in solution with a molar excess of at least about 500-fold of the cargo molecule, wherein the cargo molecule is loaded into the native plant picornavirus via simple diffusion from the solution into the picornavirus and purifying the loaded native plant picornavirus.
2. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the one or more cargo molecules have an affinity for nucleic acid.
3. The nanoparticle of claim 2 , wherein the one or more cargo molecules have a positive charge.
4. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the one or more cargo molecules are bound to encapsulated nucleic acids of the native plant picornavirus.
5. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the one or more cargo molecules are bound to the encapsulated nucleic acid via electrostatic interaction.
6. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the native plant picornavirus is a native cowpea mosaic virus.
7. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein one or more cargo molecules is an imaging agent.
8. The nanoparticle of claim 7 , wherein the imaging agent is a fluorescent dye.
9. The nanoparticle of claim 8 , wherein the fluorescent dye is selected from the group consisting of DAPI, propidium iodide (PI), and acridine orange (AO).
10. The nanoparticle of claim 8 , wherein the nanoparticle is loaded with about 130 to about 155 fluorescent dyes.
11. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein one or more cargo molecules is an antitumor agent.
12. The nanoparticle of claim 11 , wherein the antitumor agent is selected from the group consisting of proflavine and cisplatin.
13. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein one or more cargo molecules is an antiviral agent.
14. The nanoparticle of claim 13 , wherein the antiviral agent is PF-429242.
15. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the native plant picornavirus is in contact with the cargo molecule for at least an hour, and wherein the molar excess of cargo molecule is from about 5,000 to about 15,000.
16. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , further comprising chemically modified lysine side chains on the surface of the native plant picornavirus.
17. The nanoparticle of claim 16 , wherein the chemical modification is PEGylation.
18. The nanoparticle of claim 16 , wherein the chemical modification is attachment of a cell penetrating peptide or targeting ligand.
19. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle is formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.