Extra luminal scaffold
Methods and devices for treating a luminal pathology affecting an anatomical lumen of a patient comprising forming, in situ, a continuous cohesive layer of covalently-crosslinked hydrogel in a luminal wall of the anatomical lumen.
1. A method of treating a luminal pathology affecting an anatomical lumen of a patient comprising
injecting a precursor into a luminal wall of the anatomical lumen, and
inflating a balloon in the anatomical lumen to expand the walls of the anatomical lumen,
with the precursor reacting to form, in situ, a covalently crosslinked hydrogel stent within a luminal wall of the anatomical lumen with the hydrogel stent placed so that the hydrogel is free of contact with any fluids carried by the lumen.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the precursor is in aqueous solution during the injecting into the luminal wall.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the stent comprises a therapeutic agent that is released from the stent.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the stent is biodegradable.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the pathology is a stenosis or an aneurysm.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the luminal wall is that of a blood vessel, ureter, vein, artery, aorta, bile duct, intestine, part of a gastrointestinal tract, esophagus, lymph duct, an aneurysm, a brain aneurysm, an abdominal aortic aneurysm, or a cardiac blood vessel, or a peripheral blood vessel.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the luminal wall is that of a urethra, with the pathology being benign prostate hyperplasia.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising injecting a free radical initiator with the precursor, with the initiator initiating polymerization of the precursor to form the hydrogel stent.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the free radical initiator is thermal, photoactivatable, or a reduction-oxidation initiator.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein the free radical initiator is a thermal initiator that comprises a 4, 4′ azobis (4-cyanopentanoic acid) group, a benzoyl peroxide group, or an analog of a benzoyl peroxide group.
11. The method of claim 8 wherein the free radical initiator comprises a peroxide group or a hydroperoxide group.
12. The method of claim 8 wherein the free radical initiator is a low temperature free radical initiator.
13. The method of claim 1 comprising an injection device for the injection, the device comprising a balloon catheter, a spiral tube, or a woven expandable tube, said device further comprising an injection port for expelling the one precursor from the device into the luminal wall.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the device further comprising a resilient curved needle and a pushing mandrel.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein the injection port is a hole.
16. The method of claim 1 comprising an injection device for the injection, the device comprising a plurality of needles for the injecting.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the stent being disposed within the luminal wall and also being disposed outside of the walls of the lumen.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the stent is water degradable.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the precursor is a first precursor that comprises an electrophilic functional group and further comprising injecting a second precursor comprising a nucleophilic group,
wherein the hydrogel stent is a reaction product of an electrophilic-nucleophilic reaction between electrophilic functional groups of the first precursor and nucleophilic functional groups of the second precursor.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the precursor is a hydrophilic polymer.
21. The method of claim 20 wherein the precursor comprises polyethylene glycol.
22. The method of claim 1 wherein the precursor is a free radical polymerizable polymer.
23. The method of claim 1 wherein the precursor is a first precursor and further comprising injecting a second precursor with the first precursor, wherein the second precursor is a hydrophilic molecule, with the first precursor and the second precursor covalently crosslinking to form the covalently crosslinked hydrogel stent.