Thermo-electric heat pump systems
The invention is directed to an energy efficient thermoelectric heat pump assembly. The thermoelectric heat pump assembly preferably includes two to nine thermoelectric unit layers capable of active use of the Peltier effect; and at least one capacitance spacer block suitable for storing heat and providing a delayed thermal reaction time of the assembly. The capacitance spacer block is thermally connected between the thermoelectric unit layers. The present invention further relates to a thermoelectric transport and storage devices for transporting or storing temperature sensitive goods, for example, vaccines, chemicals, biologicals, and other temperature sensitive goods. Preferably the transport or storage devices are configured and provide on-board energy storage for sustaining, for multiple days, at a constant-temperature, with an acceptable temperature variation band.
1. A thermal protection system, relating to thermally protecting temperature-sensitive goods, comprising:
a vessel configured to contain the temperature sensitive goods;
a stack of at least two thermoelectric unit layers in thermal conduction with the vessel and capable of active use of the Peltier effect;
a capacitance spacer block suitable for storing heat and providing a delayed thermal reaction time between the at least two thermoelectric unit layers, wherein a first side of the capacitance spacer block is thermally connected to the hot side of a first thermoelectric unit layer and a second side of the capacitance spacer block opposite the first side of the capacitance spacer block is thermally connected to the cold side of a second thermoelectric unit layer, thereby forming a sandwich layer suitable to pump heat from the first thermoelectric unit layer to the second thermoelectric layer;
an energy source operably connected to each thermoelectric unit layer; and
a heat sink thermally connected to the stack of at least two thermoelectric unit layers opposite the vessel.
2. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein each thermoelectric unit layer comprises 3 or more Ohms at 25° C., each thermoelectric unit layer having a cold side and a hot side.
3. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is suitable to provide a current such that when a change in temperature (ΔT) between opposing ends of the stack of at least two thermoelectric unit layers is less than or equal to about 40° C. at a steady-state, the heat removal (Q) is about 0 Watts.
4. The thermal protection system of claim 3 , wherein a ratio of input current to maximum available current (I/Imax) of each individual thermoelectric unit layer is 0.18 or less at steady-state.
5. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the temperature sensitive goods include at least one of: embryos, oocytes, cell cultures, tissue cultures, chondrocytes, nucleic acids, bodily fluids, bovine semen, organs, plant tissues, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and chemicals.
6. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein each thermoelectric unit layer comprises at least 127 coupled pairs of thermoelectric units.
7. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the two or more thermoelectric unit layers comprise a same size and power.
8. The thermal protection system of claim 1 , wherein the energy source comprises at least one battery that is suitable to maintain a selected temperature for the temperature sensitive goods during transport of at least 72 hours, wherein a difference between the selected temperature of the temperature sensitive goods and an ambient temperature is at least 20° C.