Identification of mutations in herpes simplex virus envelope glycoproteins that enable or enhance vector retargeting to novel non-HSV receptors
In one embodiment, the invention provides an HSV vector comprising a mutant gB and/or a mutant gH glycoprotein, where the viral envelope further comprises a non-native ligand specific for a protein present on the surface of a predetermined cell type. In another embodiment, the invention provides an HSV vector comprising (a) a mutant gC and/or gD envelope glycoprotein which comprises a non-native ligand specific for a protein present on the surface of a predetermined cell type; and (b) a mutant envelope glycoprotein other than gD.
1. A method of killing a cancerous cell in vivo comprising contacting the cell with a mutant HSV vector comprising a modified glycoprotein B (gB) wherein,
when the parental HSV vector is HSV1 K26GFP, the modified gB comprises a substitution at amino acid residues gB:D285 and gB:A549 or
when the parental HSV vector is a homologous HSV-1 or HSV-2 vector, the modified gB comprises a substitution at amino acid residues gB:D285 and gB:A549 of the homologous HSV vector, wherein the gB:D285 residue correlates to X in VYPYXEFVL (SEQ ID NO:1) of HSV1 K26GFP and the gB:A549 residue correlates to X in KLNPNXIAS (SEQ ID NO:2) of HSV1 K26GFP, wherein the mutant HSV vector is administered intratumorally, and wherein the mutant HSV vector further comprises a non-native ligand capable of specifically binding epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) incorporated into the viral envelope of the mutant HSV vector.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substitution at gB:D285 is gB:D285N and the substitution at gB:A549 is gB:A549T.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mutant HSV vector further comprises an exogenous expression cassette.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the expression cassette comprises a target sequence for a cellular microRNA.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-native ligand is incorporated into a viral envelope glycoprotein of the mutant HSV vector.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the viral envelope glycoprotein is gD or gC.
7. A method of killing a cancerous cell comprising contacting the cell with a mutant HSV vector comprising a modified glycoprotein B (gB) wherein,
when the parental HSV vector is HSV1 K26GEP, the modified gB comprises a substitution at amino acid residues gB:D285 and gB:A549 or
when the parental HSV vector is a homologous HSV-1 or HSV-2 vector, the modified gB comprises a substitution at amino acid residues gB:D285 and gB:A549 of the homologous HSV vector, wherein the gB:D285 residue correlates to X in VYPYXEFVL (SEQ ID NO:1) of HSV1 K26GFP and the gB:A549 residue correlates to X in KLNPNXIAS (SEQ ID NO:2) of HSV1 K26GFP, wherein the cancerous cell is in vitro.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the substitution at gB:D285 is gB:D285N and the substitution at gB:A549 is gB:A549T.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein mutant HSV vector further comprises an exogenous expression cassette.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the expression cassette comprises a target sequence for a cellular microRNA.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein mutant HSV vector further comprises a non-native ligand capable of specifically binding a surface component of a predetermined cell type.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the predetermined cell type is a cancer cell.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the non-native ligand is incorporated into a viral envelope glycoprotein of the mutant HSV vector.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the viral envelope glycoprotein is gD or gC.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the component is a protein selected from the group consisting of EGFR, EGFRvIII, CEA, and ClC-3/annexin-2/MMP-2.