Thalidomide analogs and methods of use
Thalidomide analogs and methods of using the thalidomide analogs are disclosed. Some embodiments of the disclosed compounds exhibit anti-angiogenic and/or anti-inflammatory activity. Certain embodiments of the disclosed compounds are non-teratogenic.
1. A thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the thalidomide analog is a compound according to general formula I
where Y 1 is a bond, —CH 2 —, or —CH(CH 3 )—;
A is general formula II
where bonds represented by “ ” are optional bonds, and each bond represented by “ ” is a single or double bond as needed to satisfy valence requirements,
R 1 is —H, —NO 2 , —NH 2 , —OC(O)CH 3 , or —NO 2 H,
R 2 is —H, —NH 2 , or —N(H)CH(CH 3 ) 2 ,
Z 1 is CH 2 , C═O, or CH, and
Z 2 is C═O, CH 2 , C═S,
Ring B is:
where each bond represented by “ ” is a single or double bond as needed to satisfy valence requirements,
Z 3 is C═O, C═S, or CH;
Z 4 is C═O, C═S, or CH, and at least one of Z 3 and Z 4 is C═O or C═S,
R 4 is —H or —CH 3 and
R 5 and R 6 are both —H or both —CH 3 ;
wherein:
if ring B is
then the thalidomide analog is a compound in Group I:
2. The thalidomide analog according to claim 1 , wherein ring B is
3. The thalidomide analog according to claim 1 , wherein the thalidomide analog is a compound in Group V, Group I, Group II, or Group III:
4. The thalidomide analog according to claim 3 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 7, compound 9, or compound 44.
5. The thalidomide analog according to claim 3 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 61, compound 62, or compound 63.
6. The thalidomide analog according to claim 3 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 66, compound 67, or compound 68.
7. The thalidomide analog according to claim 1 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 90, compound 91, compound 92, compound 94, compound 96, compound 99, compound 101, compound 103, compound 112, compound 114, compound 115, compound 118, compound 119, compound 120,
a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where the bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is —NO 2 , R 2 is H, Z 1 is H, and Z 2 is C═O,
a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where bonds represented by “ ” are absent and each bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is H, R 2 is H, Z 1 is H, and Z 2 is C═O, or a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where bonds represented by “ ” are present and each bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is H, R 2 is H, Z 1 is C═O, and Z 2 is C═O.
8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof according to claim 1 and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
9. A method for inhibiting TNF-α activity, TNF-α synthesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, or a combination thereof, comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a thalidomide analog according to claim 1 .
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 7, compound 9, compound 44, compound 61, compound 62, compound 63, compound 66, compound 67, compound 68, compound 90, compound 91, compound 92, compound 94, compound 96, compound 99, compound 101, compound 103, compound 112, compound 114, compound 115, compound 118, compound 119, compound 120,
a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where the bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is —NO 2 , R 2 is H, Z 1 is H, and Z 2 is C═O,
a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where bonds represented by “ ” are absent and each bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is H, R 2 is H, Z 1 is H, and Z 2 is C═O,
a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where bonds represented by “ ” are present and each bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is H, R 2 is H, Z 1 is C═O, and Z 2 is C═O, or any combination thereof.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein contacting the cell with an effective amount of the thalidomide analog comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the thalidomide analog or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the thalidomide analog is compound 7, compound 9, compound 44, compound 61, compound 62, compound 63, compound 66, compound 67, compound 68, compound 90, compound 91, compound 92, compound 94, compound 96, compound 99, compound 101, compound 103, compound 112, compound 114, compound 115, compound 118, compound 119, compound 120,
a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where the bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is —NO 2 , R 2 is H, Z 1 is H, and Z 2 is C═O,
a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where bonds represented by “ ” are absent and each bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is H, R 2 is H, Z 1 is H, and Z 2 is C═O,
a compound having a general formula
where ring B is
ring A is
where bonds represented by “ ” are present and each bond represented by “ ” is a single bond, R 1 is H, R 2 is H, Z 1 is C═O, and Z 2 is C═O,
or any combination thereof.
13. The method according to claim 11 wherein the subject has an inflammatory disorder or an autoimmune disorder.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the thalidomide analog possesses anti-inflammatory properties, and administering the therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition inhibits inflammation in the subject.
15. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the subject has an inflammatory disorder, the thalidomide analog possesses anti-inflammatory properties, and administering the therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition to the subject treats the inflammatory disorder.
16. The method according to claim 11 , wherein administering the therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition to the subject inhibits TNF-α activity, TNF-α synthesis, or a combination thereof in the subject.
17. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the thalidomide analog possesses anti-angiogenic properties, and administering the therapeutically effective amount of the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition to the subject inhibits angiogenesis in the subject.
18. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the thalidomide analog or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition is administered orally, parenterally, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally, topically, optically, by inhalation spray, or via an implanted reservoir.
19. The method according to claim 11 , further comprising administering to the subject a second therapeutic agent.
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the second therapeutic agent is an anti-cancer agent, an anti-angiogenic agent, or an anti-inflammatory agent.