Radiation treatment based on dose rate

1. A radiation treatment system, comprising:

a beam-generating system that generates a beam; and

a control system coupled to the beam-generating system, comprising a processor and a memory;

wherein the memory stores a radiation treatment plan comprises an irradiation time-volume histogram for a target volume, wherein the irradiation time-volume histogram indicates a percentage of the target volume that is irradiated for a respective length of time; and

wherein the beam-generating system and the beam are controlled by the control system according to the radiation treatment plan.

2. The radiation treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the target volume comprises a plurality of sub-volumes, wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises an irradiation time-volume histogram for each sub-volume of the sub-volumes.

3. The radiation treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises a number of irradiations of the target volume, a duration of each of the irradiations, and a dose deposited in each of the irradiations.

4. The radiation treatment system of claim 3 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises a period of time during which the irradiations are applied, and an interval of time between each period of irradiations.

5. The radiation treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises directions of the beam relative to the target volume, and a beam energy for the beam.

6. The radiation treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the beam comprises a type of beam selected from the group consisting of: proton; electron; photon; atom nuclei; and ion.

7. The radiation treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises a dose rate-volume histogram for the target volume, wherein the dose rate-volume histogram indicates a percentage of the target volume that receives a respective dose rate.

8. A method of using a radiation treatment system for radiation treatment, the method comprising:

controlling, with a control system, a beam of radiation that is directed at a target volume, wherein said controlling is according to a radiation treatment plan stored in a memory of the control system, wherein the radiation treatment plan comprises a predicted dose rate-volume histogram for the target volume, wherein the predicted dose rate-volume histogram indicates a percentage of the target volume predicted to receive a respective dose rate based on the radiation treatment plan;

measuring dose rate to the target volume during the radiation treatment;

determining a measured dose rate-volume histogram based on the dose rate to the target volume measured during the radiation treatment;

comparing the predicted dose rate-volume histogram and the measured dose rate-volume histogram; and

adjusting the beam direction and/or the beam direction based on a result of said comparing.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the target volume comprises a plurality of sub-volumes, wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises a predicted dose rate-volume histogram for each sub-volume of the plurality of sub-volumes, and wherein the method further comprises:

measuring dose rate to said each sub-volume during the radiation treatment;

determining a measured dose rate-volume histogram for said each sub-volume based on the dose rate to the target volume measured during the radiation treatment;

comparing the predicted dose rate-volume histogram for said each sub-volume and the measured dose rate-volume histogram for said each sub-volume; and

adjusting the beam direction and/or the beam direction based on results of said comparing.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises a number of irradiations of the target volume, a duration of each of the irradiations, and a dose deposited in each of the irradiations, a period of time during which the irradiations are applied, an interval of time between each period of irradiations, directions of the beam relative to the target volume, and a beam energy for the beam.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the beam comprises a type of beam selected from the group consisting of: proton; electron; photon; atom nuclei; and ion.

12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises isolines of dose rates relative to the target volume based on the dose rate-volume histogram.

13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises an irradiation time-volume histogram for the target volume, wherein the irradiation time-volume histogram indicates a percentage of the target volume that is irradiated for a respective length of time.

14. A method of using a radiation treatment system, the method comprising:

generating a beam with a beam system;

directing the beam at a target volume; and

controlling the beam with a control system comprising a computer system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein said controlling is according to a radiation treatment plan stored in the memory, wherein the radiation treatment plan comprises an irradiation time-volume histogram for the target volume, and wherein the irradiation time-volume histogram indicates a percentage of the target volume that is irradiated for a respective length of time.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the target volume comprises a plurality of sub-volumes, wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises an irradiation time-volume histogram for each sub-volume of the sub-volumes.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises a number of irradiations of the target volume, a duration of each of the irradiations, and a dose deposited in each of the irradiations, a period of time during which the irradiations are applied, an interval of time between each period of irradiations, directions of the beam relative to the target volume, and a beam energy for the beam.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the beam comprises a type of beam selected from the group consisting of: proton; electron; photon; atom nuclei; and ion.

18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises a dose rate-volume histogram for the target volume, wherein the dose rate-volume histogram indicates a percentage of the target volume that receives a respective dose rate.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises isolines of dose rates relative to the target volume based on the dose rate-volume histogram.

20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the target volume comprises a plurality of sub-volumes, wherein the radiation treatment plan further comprises a dose rate-volume histogram for each sub-volume of the plurality of sub-volumes.