Memory device and method for forming the same

1. A method for forming a memory device, comprising:

providing an initial semiconductor structure, including a base substrate; a first sacrificial layer formed on the base substrate; a stack structure, disposed on the first sacrificial layer; a plurality of channels, formed through the stack structure and the first sacrificial layer; and a gate-line trench, formed through the stack structure and exposing the first sacrificial layer;

forming at least one protective layer on sidewalls of the gate-line trench through the stack structure;

removing the first sacrificial layer to expose a portion of each of the plurality of channels and surfaces of the base substrate, using the at least one protective layer that is on the sidewalls of the gate-line trench through the stack structure as an etch mask to perform an etch through the gate-line trench; and

forming an epitaxial layer on the exposed surfaces of the base substrate and the plurality of channels.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:

the epitaxial layer is made of silicon.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:

the initial semiconductor structure further includes a first stop layer formed between the base substrate and the first sacrificial layer, and a second stop layer formed between the first sacrificial layer and the stack structure, wherein:

the plurality of channels are formed through the stack structure, the second stop layer, the first sacrificial layer, and the first stop layer, and

the gate-line trench exposing the first sacrificial layer is formed through the stack structure and the second stop layer; and

the method further includes removing the first stop layer and the second stop layer when removing the blocking layer or when removing the electron trapping layer and the tunneling layer.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein forming the at least one protective layer on the sidewalls of the gate-line trench includes:

forming a first protective layer made of a first material on a bottom and sidewalls of the gate-line trench and forming a second protective layer made of a second material on the first protective layer;

removing a portion of the first protective layer and the second protective layer formed on the bottom of the gate-line trench;

forming a third protective layer made of a third material on the second protective layer and the first sacrificial layer exposed at the bottom of the gate-line trench; and

removing a portion of the third protective layer formed on the bottom of the gate-line trench.

5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein:

the first material is same as the third material; and

the first material is different from the second material.

6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein:

the first material, the second material, and the third material are different from each other.

7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein:

the first sacrificial layer is made of polycrystalline silicon;

the first material includes silicon nitride;

the second material includes silicon oxide; and

the third material includes silicon nitride.

8. The method according to claim 4 , wherein:

a thickness of the first protective layer is in a range of approximately 2 nm to 5 nm;

a thickness of the second protective layer is in a range of approximately 10 nm to 15 nm; and

a thickness of the third protective layer is in a range of approximately 15 nm to 30 nm.

9. The method according to claim 4 , further including:

prior to forming the epitaxial layer, removing the third protective layer; and

after forming the epitaxial layer, removing the second protective layer and the first protective layer.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein:

the stack structure includes a plurality of interlayer dielectric layers and a plurality of sacrificial layers that are alternately arranged; and

the method further includes replacing the plurality of sacrificial layers with gate layers after removing the first protective layer.

11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:

the initial semiconductor structure further includes a tunneling layer, an electron trapping layer, and a blocking layer formed between each of the plurality of channels and the stack structure; and

before forming the epitaxial layer, the method further includes removing a portion of each of the tunneling layer, the electron trapping layer, and the blocking layer formed on a surface portion of each of the plurality of channels.

12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein removing the portion of each of the tunneling layer, the electron trapping layer, and the blocking layer includes:

removing the portion of the blocking layer while or after removing the first sacrificial layer; and

removing the portion of the electron trapping layer and the portion of the tunneling layer to expose the surface portion of each channel before forming the epitaxial layer.

13. A method for forming a memory device, comprising:

providing an initial semiconductor structure, including a base substrate; a first stop layer formed on the base substrate; a first sacrificial layer formed on the first stop layer; a second stop layer disposed on the first sacrificial layer; a stack structure, disposed on the second stop layer; a plurality of channels formed through the stack structure and into the base substrate;

and a gate-line trench, formed through the stack structure and exposing the first sacrificial layer;

forming a protective layer on a bottom and sidewalls of the gate-line trench;

removing a portion of the protective layer formed on the bottom of the gate-line trench;

removing the first sacrificial layer to expose a portion of each of the plurality of channels and surfaces of the base substrate, using the protective layer as an etch mask; and

forming an epitaxial layer on the exposed surfaces of the base substrate and the plurality of channels.

14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein:

the first sacrificial layer is made of polycrystalline silicon; and

the protective layer is made of titanium nitride.

15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein:

the epitaxial layer is made of silicon.

16. The method according to claim 13 , prior to forming the epitaxial layer, further including:

removing the protective layer.

17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein:

the stack structure includes a plurality of interlayer dielectric layers and a plurality of sacrificial layers that are alternately arranged; and

the method further includes replacing the plurality of sacrificial layers with gate layers after removing the protective layer.

18. The method according to claim 13 , wherein:

the initial semiconductor structure further includes a tunneling layer, an electron trapping layer, and a blocking layer formed between each of the plurality of channels and the stack structure; and

before forming the epitaxial layer, the method further includes removing a portion of each of the tunneling layer, the electron trapping layer, and the blocking layer formed on a surface portion of each of the plurality of channels.

19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein removing the portion of each of the tunneling layer, the electron trapping layer, and the blocking layer includes:

removing the portion of the blocking layer while or after removing the first sacrificial layer; and

removing the portion of the electron trapping layer and the portion of the tunneling layer to expose the surface portion of each channel before forming the epitaxial layer.

20. The method according to claim 19 , further comprising:

removing the first stop layer and the second stop layer when removing the blocking layer or when removing the electron trapping layer and the tunneling layer.