Electrochromic devices and methods
A heat treated electrochromic device comprising an anodic complementary counter electrode layer comprised of a mixed tungsten-nickel oxide and lithium, which provides a high transmission in the fully intercalated state and which is capable of long term stability, is disclosed. Methods of making an electrochromic device comprising an anodic complementary counter electrode comprised of a mixed tungsten-nickel oxide are also disclosed.
1. A heat treated electrochromic device comprising:
a) a first electrode comprising one of a cathodic electrochromic layer or an anodic counter electrode layer,
b) a second electrode comprising a other of said cathodic electrochromic layer or said anodic counter electrode layer, wherein the said anodic counter electrode layer comprises a mixed tungsten-nickel oxide and lithium;
c) a lithium ion-conductor layer for conducting ions between said first and second electrodes, wherein said lithium ion-conducting layer comprises material selected from the group consisting of silicates, silicon oxides, and borates;
d) a first conductive layer, and
e) a second conductive layer, said first and second electrodes and said ion-conductor layer being sandwiched between said first and second conductive layers.
2. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 15% to 90% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
3. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 30% to 70% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
4. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 40% to 60% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
5. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein said cathodic electrochromic layer comprises a metal oxide.
6. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the anodic counter electrode layer comprises a composite of lithium tungsten oxide and nickel oxide.
7. A heat treated electrochromic device comprising:
a) a first electrode comprising one of a cathodic electrochromic layer or an anodic counter electrode layer,
b) a second electrode comprising a other of said cathodic electrochromic layer or said anodic counter electrode layer, wherein the anodic counter electrode layer comprising lithium and a mixed tungsten-nickel oxide;
c) an ion-conductor layer for conducting ions between said first and second electrodes,
d) a first conductive layer containing a first metal oxide; and
e) a second conductive layer containing a second metal oxide, wherein said first and second metal oxides are different, and said first and second electrodes and said ion-conductor layer being sandwiched between said first and second conductive layers.
8. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 7 , wherein the anodic counter electrode layer comprising lithium and a mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
9. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 7 , wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 15% to 90% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
10. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 7 , wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 30% to 70% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
11. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 7 , wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 40% to 60% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
12. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 7 , wherein the anodic counter electrode layer comprises mixed domains of a crystalline metal oxide and an amorphous metal oxide.
13. A heat treated electrochromic device comprising:
a) a first electrode comprising one of a cathodic electrochromic layer or an anodic counter electrode layer,
b) a second electrode comprising a other of said cathodic electrochromic layer or said anodic counter electrode layer,
c) an ion-conductor layer for conducting ions between said first and second electrodes,
d) a first conductive layer; and
e) a second conductive layer, said first and second electrodes and said ion-conductor layer being sandwiched between said first and second conductive layers, said anodic counter electrode layer comprising lithium and a mixed tungsten-nickel oxide, and wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 15% to 90% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
14. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 13 , wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 30% to 70% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
15. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 13 , wherein the amount of nickel in said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide ranges from 40% to 60% by weight of said mixed tungsten-nickel oxide.
16. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 13 , wherein the anodic counter electrode layer comprises an amorphous metal oxide.
17. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 13 , wherein the anodic counter electrode layer comprises an admixture comprising crystalline tungsten oxide and crystalline nickel oxide.
18. The heat treated electrochromic device of claim 13 , wherein the cathodic electrochromic layer is a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, iridium oxide, chromium oxide, and manganese oxide.