Breakable capsules and methods of forming thereof
A breakable capsule such as a seamless breakable capsule useful in a smoking article or a smokeless tobacco product includes an outer shell formed of a cross-linked agar matrix including at least one filler, and an inner core surrounded by the outer shell which comprises a liquid or gel based composition of a flavorant and/or non-flavorant. The cross-linked agar matrix is reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose that is dispersed throughout the agar matrix so as to fill empty spaces in the agar matrix and inhibit the composition from passing through the empty spaces of the agar matrix.
1. A breakable capsule comprising:
a outer shell that defines an inner core, the outer shell including, a cross-linked agar matrix, the cross-linked agar matrix including, a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and
a filler dispersed throughout the cross-linked agar matrix, the filler including,
a first mixture including 0.05 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % locust bean gum, 3 wt. % to 5 wt. % pullulan, 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % glycerin, sorbitol, or both glycerin and sorbitol, and 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % sodium chloride,
a second mixture including 0.05 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % locust bean gum, 3 wt. % to 5 wt. % hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, maltodextrin, or both hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and maltodextrin, and 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % glycerin, sorbitol, or both glycerin and sorbitol, or
a third mixture including 0.05 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % locust bean gum, 4 wt. % to 4.5 wt. % pullulan, 1 wt. % glycerin, and 1 wt. % sodium chloride; and
a flavor-enhancing agent, a non-flavorant agent, or both a flavor-enhancing agent and a non-flavorant agent in the inner core.
2. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked agar matrix has a first porosity and the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) fills voids in the cross-link agar matrix such that the outer shell has a second porosity that is less than the first porosity.
3. The breakable capsule of claim 2 , wherein the second porosity is less than 10% of the first porosity.
4. The breakable capsule of claim 2 , wherein the second porosity is about 1% of the first porosity.
5. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , further comprising:
a coating on an exposed surface of the outer shell.
6. The breakable capsule of claim 5 , wherein the coating includes ethyl cellulose.
7. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked agar matrix further includes an additional carbohydrate.
8. The breakable capsule of claim 7 , where the additional carbohydrate includes alginate, pectin, or both alginate and pectin.
9. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell further comprises:
glycerin, sorbitol, sodium chloride, guar gum, gum arabic, inulin, or any combination thereof.
10. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell has a crush strength between 3 Newtons and 10 Newtons.
11. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell has an outer diameter between 2 mm and 4.5 mm.
12. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell has a water content less than 0.1 wt. %.
13. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell has a water content less than 1 wt. %.
14. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the flavor-enhancing agent includes licorice, wintergreen, cherry type flavorants, berry type flavorants, Dramboui, bourbon, scotch, whiskey, spearmint, peppermint, lavender, cinnamon, cardamon, apium graveolents, clove, cascarilla, nutmeg, sandalwood, bergamot, geranium, honey essence, rose oil, vanilla, lemon oil, orange oil, Japanese mint, cassia, caraway, cognac, jasmine, chamomile, menthol, ilangilang, sage, fennel, piment, ginger, anise, coriander, coffee, salts, sweeteners, carbohydrates, mint oils, eugenol, cocoa, citrus, other fruit flavors, or any combination thereof.
15. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the non-flavorant agent includes sensates, the sensates including cooling agents, diluents, aerosol formers, or any combination thereof.
16. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein inner core further comprises:
a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil.
17. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the filler further comprises:
konjac, xanthan gum, or both konjac and xanthan gum.
18. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the flavor-enhancing agent, the non-flavorant agent, or both the flavor-enhancing agent and the non-flavorant agent is provided as a liquid mixture.
19. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the flavor-enhancing agent, the non-flavorant agent, or both the flavor-enhancing agent and the non-flavorant agent is provided as a gel.
20. The breakable capsule of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell is formed from a shell forming solution including 1 wt. % to 2 wt. % agar and 0.05 wt. % to 0.5 wt. % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC).