Sintered nanocrystalline alloys
Provided in one embodiment is a method, comprising: sintering a plurality of nanocrystalline particulates to form a nanocrystalline alloy, wherein at least some of the nanocrystalline particulates may include a non-equilibrium phase comprising a first metal material and a second metal material, and the first metal material may be soluble in the second metal material. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy may comprise a bulk nanocrystalline alloy.
1. A sintered nanocrystalline alloy, comprising:
metallic tungsten (W) present in an amount of at least about 60 at %; and
at least one of the following elements present in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %: Pd, Pt, and V;
wherein the nanocrystalline alloy has a relative density of at least about 90%, and the nanocrystalline alloy has a grain size of smaller than 1000 nm.
2. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein the W is present in an amount of at least about 60 at % and less than or equal to about 95 at %.
3. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein the sintered nanocrystalline alloy is substantially thermodynamically stable at a temperature that is greater than or equal to about 1,000° C.
4. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein the sintered nanocrystalline alloy has a relative density of at least about 98%.
5. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein the sintered nanocrystalline alloy has an average grain size of less than about 100 nm.
6. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein the sintered nanocrystalline alloy comprises Pd in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %.
7. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein the sintered nanocrystalline alloy comprises Pt in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %.
8. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein the sintered nanocrystalline alloy comprises V in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %.
9. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein the sintered nanocrystalline alloy further comprises Sc in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %.
10. The sintered nanocrystalline alloy of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Pd, Pt, and V is present in an amount greater than or equal to 5 at %.
11. A bulk nanocrystalline alloy, comprising:
metallic tungsten (W) present in an amount of at least about 60 at %; and
at least one of the following elements present in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %: Pd, Pt, and V;
wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy has a grain size of smaller than 1000 nm.
12. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy has a relative density of at least about 90%.
13. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy has a relative density of at least about 95%.
14. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy has a relative density of at least about 98%.
15. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy is substantially thermodynamically stable at a temperature that is greater than or equal to about 1,000° C.
16. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy has an average grain size of less than about 100 nm.
17. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the W is present in an amount of at least about 60 at % and less than or equal to about 95 at %.
18. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy comprises Pd in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %.
19. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy comprises Pt in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %.
20. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy comprises V in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %.
21. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy further comprises Sc in an amount greater than or equal to 1 at %.
22. The bulk nanocrystalline alloy of claim 11 , wherein at least one of Pd, Pt, and V is present in an amount greater than or equal to 5 at %.
23. A sintered nanocrystalline alloy, comprising:
metallic tungsten (W) present in an amount of at least about 60 at %; and
Sc present in an amount greater than or equal to 5 at %;
wherein the nanocrystalline alloy has a relative density of at least about 90%, and the nanocrystalline alloy has a grain size of smaller than 1000 nm.
24. A bulk nanocrystalline alloy, comprising:
metallic tungsten (W) present in an amount of at least about 60 at %; and
Sc present in an amount greater than or equal to 5 at %;
wherein the bulk nanocrystalline alloy has a grain size of smaller than 1000 nm.