Methods of forming silicon nitride including plasma exposure
Methods of forming silicon nitride. Silicon nitride is formed on a substrate by atomic layer deposition at a temperature of less than or equal to about 275° C. The as-formed silicon nitride is exposed to a plasma. The silicon nitride may be formed as a portion of silicon nitride and at least one other portion of silicon nitride. The portion of silicon nitride and the at least one other portion of silicon nitride may be exposed to a plasma treatment. Methods of forming a semiconductor structure are also disclosed, as are semiconductor structures and silicon precursors.
1. A method of forming silicon nitride, comprising:
forming a portion of silicon nitride by atomic layer deposition on a material, the portion of silicon nitride formed by:
contacting the material with a silicon precursor comprising a brominated silane, an iodinated silane, a silylene compound, or a combination thereof and a reactant vapor nitrogen precursor;
forming at least one other portion of silicon nitride by atomic layer deposition on the portion of silicon nitride, the at least one other portion of silicon nitride formed by:
contacting the portion of silicon nitride with another silicon precursor comprising a brominated silane, an iodinated silane, a silylene compound, or a combination thereof and another reactant vapor nitrogen precursor; and
exposing the portion of silicon nitride and the at least one other portion of silicon nitride to a plasma.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a portion of silicon nitride by atomic layer deposition on a material and forming at least one other portion of silicon nitride by atomic layer deposition on the portion of silicon nitride comprises forming the portion of silicon nitride and the at least one other portion of silicon nitride in a plasma-free environment.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the material with a silicon precursor comprises contacting the material with silicon tetraiodide, silicon tetrabromide, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the material with a silicon precursor comprises contacting the material with N,N′-di-tert-butyl-1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopent en-2-ylidene or a combination of the N,N′-di-tert-butyl-1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopent-4-en-2-ylidene with a brominated silane, an iodinated silane, or a silylene compound.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a portion of silicon nitride by atomic layer deposition comprises forming the portion of silicon nitride to a thickness of at least about 50% of a total thickness of the silicon nitride.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a portion of silicon nitride on a material and forming at least one other portion of silicon nitride on the portion of silicon nitride comprises forming the silicon nitride to a total thickness before exposing the portion of silicon nitride and the at least one other portion of silicon nitride to the plasma.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a portion of silicon nitride by atomic layer deposition on a material and forming at least one other portion of silicon nitride by atomic layer deposition on the portion of silicon nitride comprises forming the portion of silicon nitride and the at least one other portion of silicon nitride at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 275° C.
8. A method of forming silicon nitride, comprising:
forming at least one feature on a material, the at least one feature comprising a chalcogenide material, an organic material, a carbon allotrope, a reactive metal material, or a combination thereof;
contacting the at least one feature with a silicon precursor and a nitrogen precursor at a temperature of less than or equal to about 275° C. and in the absence of a plasma to form silicon monolayers and nitrogen monolayers on the at least one feature; and
exposing the silicon monolayers and the nitrogen monolayers to a plasma to form silicon nitride on the at least one feature.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein contacting the at least one feature with a silicon precursor comprises contacting the at least one feature with a silicon precursor comprising silicon atoms and one or more of hydrogen atoms, carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, or combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein contacting the at least one feature with a silicon precursor and a nitrogen precursor to form silicon monolayers and nitrogen monolayers comprises forming the silicon monolayers and nitrogen monolayers at a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 250° C.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein contacting the at least one feature with a silicon precursor and a nitrogen precursor comprises contacting the at least one feature with silicon tetraiodide.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein exposing the silicon monolayers and the nitrogen monolayers to a plasma comprises forming a portion of a total thickness of the silicon nitride before exposing the silicon monolayers and the nitrogen monolayers to the plasma.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein exposing the silicon monolayers and the nitrogen monolayers to a plasma comprises forming the silicon nitride to a total thickness before exposing the silicon monolayers and the nitrogen monolayers to the plasma.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming silicon nitride on the at least one feature comprises forming the silicon nitride exhibiting a thickness of from about 30 Å to about 1000 Å.
15. A method of forming silicon nitride, comprising:
forming silicon nitride on a material by atomic layer deposition at a temperature of less than or equal to about 275° C., the silicon nitride formed by contacting a silicon precursor and a nitrogen precursor with the material, the silicon precursor comprising one or more of a brominated silane or a silylene compound; and
exposing the as-formed silicon nitride to a plasma.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein forming silicon nitride on a material by atomic layer deposition at a temperature of less than or equal to about 275° C. comprises forming the silicon nitride exhibiting a step coverage of greater than about 90%.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein forming silicon nitride on a material by atomic layer deposition comprises forming the silicon nitride by atomic layer deposition at a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 250° C.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising repeating the forming silicon nitride on a material by atomic layer deposition act and the exposing the as-formed silicon nitride to a plasma act to form the silicon nitride to a desired thickness.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein exposing the as-formed silicon nitride to a plasma comprises exposing the as-formed silicon nitride to a helium plasma, an argon plasma, a xenon plasma, a nitrogen (N 2 ) plasma, a hydrogen (H 2 ) plasma, or combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein forming silicon nitride on a material comprises forming a desired thickness of the silicon nitride on the material comprising one or more features.