Methods and compositions for treatment of concrete wash water
The invention provides methods and compositions for treating wash water from concrete production with carbon dioxide. The treated wash water can be reused as mix water in fresh batches of concrete.
1. A method of preparing a concrete mix comprising
(i) adding concrete materials to a mixer;
(ii) adding mix water to the mixer, wherein the mix water comprises carbonated concrete wash water, and wherein the wash water comprises water produced by washing-out of concrete mixer trucks following delivery of concrete; and
(iii) mixing the water and the concrete materials to produce a concrete mix,
wherein the carbonated concrete wash water is produced by a method comprising placing wash water in a container and circulating the wash water and adding carbon dioxide to the circulating concrete wash water, wherein the circulating wash water is in a loop in fluid communication with the concrete wash water in the container.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonated concrete wash water comprises at least 10% of the total mix water.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the carbonated concrete mix water comprises at least 40% of the total mix water.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the mix water comprises a first portion of water that is not carbonated mix water and a second portion of mix water that comprises carbonated mix water, wherein the first batch of mix water is added to the concrete materials before the second batch of mix water.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the first portion of water is added at a first location and the second portion of water is added at a second location, wherein the first and second locations are different.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the second location is the drum of a ready-mix truck.
7. The method of any one of claims 4 to 6 wherein the second portion of mix water is added at least 2 minutes after the first portion.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the carbonated concrete wash water has a density of at least 1.10 g/cm 3 .
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the carbonated concrete wash water has been held for at least 1 day.
10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the mix water comprises carbonated wash waster in an amount that results in a concrete mix that is at least 5% stronger at a time after pouring than the same concrete mix made without carbonated wash water.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the mix water comprises carbonated wash water in an amount that allows the concrete mix to contain at least 5% less cement than, and retain a compressive strength after pouring of within 5% of, the same concrete mix made without carbonated wash water and with the extra 5% cement.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the wash water has been treated with carbon dioxide in such a manner that the carbon dioxide content of the water increases at least 10% beyond saturation achieved by bubbling carbon dioxide through the water, until saturation is achieved, without using manipulation of the water beyond the contact with the carbon dioxide gas.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonated wash water comprises products of carbonation of the wash water, wherein the products account for a carbon dioxide content of at least 5% by weight cement.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the carbonated wash water comprises products of carbonation of the wash water, wherein the products account for a carbon dioxide content of at least 10% by weight cement.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein some or all of the carbon dioxide used in carbonating the wash water is from a cement kiln operation in proximity to the location where the concrete mix is produced.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein some or all of the carbon dioxide used in carbonating the wash water is from a cement kiln operation that produces cement for use in a facility where the concrete mix is produced.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonated wash water has a density of at least 1.15 gm/cm 3 .
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbonated wash water has a density of at least 1.20 gm/cm 3 .