Ion exchangeable glass, glass ceramics and methods for making the same
Glass-ceramics and precursor glasses that are crystallizable to glass-ceramics are disclosed. The glass-ceramics of one or more embodiments include rutile, anatase, armalcolite or a combination thereof as the predominant crystalline phase. Such glasses and glass-ceramics may include compositions of, in mole %: SiO 2 in the range from about 45 to about 75; Al 2 O 3 in the range from about 4 to about 25; P 2 O 5 in the range from about 0 to about 10; MgO in the range from about 0 to about 8; R 2 O in the range from about 0 to about 33; ZnO in the range from about 0 to about 8; ZrO 2 in the range from about 0 to about 4; B 2 O 3 in the range from about 0 to about 12, and one or more nucleating agents in the range from about 0.5 to about 12. In some glass-ceramic articles, the total crystalline phase includes up to 20% by weight of the glass-ceramic article.
1. An aluminosilicate glass precursor comprising a composition, in mol %, comprising:
SiO 2 in the range from about 45 to about 75;
Al 2 O 3 in the range from about 4 to about 25;
P 2 O 5 in the range from about 0.1 to about 10;
MgO in the range from about 0 to about 8;
R 2 O in the range from about 0 to about 33;
K 2 O in the range from about 0 to about 2;
ZnO in the range from about 0 to about 8;
ZrO 2 in the range from about 0 to about 4;
TiO 2 in the range from about 0.5 to about 12; and
B 2 O 3 in the range from about 1 to 4.44,
wherein R 2 O comprises one or more of Na 2 O, Li 2 O and K 2 O and is the total concentration of alkali metal oxides in the composition.
2. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises, in mol %,
Li 2 O in the range from about 0 to about 12;
Na 2 O in the range from about 4 to about 20; and
K 2 O in the range from about 0 to about 2.
3. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits a liquidus viscosity of about 10 kilopoise (kP) or greater.
4. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits a liquidus temperature of less than about 1400° C.
5. A method of making a glass-ceramic article having a predominant crystalline phase including anatase, rutile, or a combination thereof, the method comprising:
melting a batch for, and forming a glass article having a composition comprising, in mol %;
SiO 2 in the range from about 45 to about 75;
Al 2 O 3 in the range from about 4 to about 25;
P 2 O 5 in the range from about 0.1 to about 10;
MgO in the range from about 0.01 to about 8;
R 2 O in the range from about 0 to about 33;
K 2 O in the range from about 0 to about 2;
ZnO in the range from about 0 to about 8;
ZrO 2 in the range from about 0 to about 4
TiO 2 in the range from about 0.5 to about 12, and
B 2 O 3 in the range from about 1 to 4.44,
wherein R 2 O comprises one or more of Na 2 O, Li 2 O and 1(20, and is the total concentration of alkali metal oxides in the composition, and
wherein the glass article exhibits a liquidus viscosity of about 10 kilopoise (kP) or greater and a liquidus temperature of less than about 1400° C. during formation of the glass article;
ceramming the glass article at a temperature between about 50° C. greater than an annealing temperature of the glass article and about 1100° C. for a period of time to cause the generation of a glass-ceramic article which includes a predominant crystalline phase comprising anatase, rutile, or a combination thereof; and
cooling the glass-ceramic article to room temperature.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising subjecting the glass-ceramic article to ion exchange treatment to achieve a compressive stress layer within the glass-ceramic article having a compressive stress of about 200 MPa or greater, wherein the compressive stress layer extends from a surface of the glass article into the glass article at a depth of the compressive stress layer of about 15 μm or greater.
7. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein (R 2 O—Al 2 O 3 ) is in the range from about −4 to about 4.
8. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises, in mol %, Li 2 O in the range from about 0 to about 12.
9. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises, in mol %, Na 2 O in the range from about 4 to about 20.
10. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises, in mol %, B 2 O 3 in the range from about 2 to 4.44.
11. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises, in mol %, P 2 O 5 in the range from 1 to about 10.
12. The aluminosilicate glass precursor of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises, in mol %, B 2 O 3 in the range from about 2 to 4.44 and P 2 O 5 in the range from about 1 to about 10.