Polymer composition for use in an antenna system
A polymer composition comprising a semiconductive material distributed within a polymer matrix is provided. The semiconductive material includes inorganic particles and an electrically conductive material, the inorganic particles having an average particle size of from about 0.1 to about 100 μm and an electrical conductivity about 500 μS/cm or less. The polymer matrix contains at least one thermoplastic high performance polymer having a deflection under load of about 40° C. or more. The polymer composition exhibits a dielectric constant of about 4 or more and a dissipation factor of about 0.3 or less, as determined at a frequency of 2 GHz.
1. A polymer composition comprising a semiconductive material distributed within a polymer matrix, wherein the semiconductive material includes inorganic particles and an electrically conductive material, the inorganic particles having an average particle size of from about 0.1 to about 100 μm and an electrical conductivity about 500 μS/cm or less, wherein the polymer matrix contains at least one thermoplastic high performance polymer having a deflection under load of about 40° C. or more as determined in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa, and further wherein the polymer composition exhibits a dielectric constant of about 4 or more and a dissipation factor of about 0.3 or less, as determined at a frequency of 2 GHz.
2. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits a dielectric constant after being exposed to a temperature cycle of from about −30° C. to about 100° C., wherein the ratio of the dielectric constant after the temperature cycle to the dielectric constant prior to the heat cycle is about 0.8 or more.
3. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits a dissipation factor after being exposed to a temperature cycle of from about −30° C. to about 100° C., wherein the ratio of the dissipation factor after the temperature cycle to the dissipation factor prior to the heat cycle is about 1.3 or less.
4. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic high performance polymer has a deflection under load of from about 150° C. to about 310° C. as determined in accordance with ISO 75-2:2013 at a load of 1.8 MPa.
5. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic high performance polymer has a glass transition temperature of from about 100° C. to about 320° C. and/or a melting temperature of from about 200° C. to about 410° C.
6. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic high performance polymer includes a polyphenylene ether, polyphenylene oxide, polycarbonate, polyarylene sulfide, polyester, polyamide, liquid crystalline polymer, or a combination thereof.
7. The polymer composition of claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic high performance polymer includes a wholly aromatic liquid crystalline polymer.
8. The polymer composition of claim 7 , wherein the liquid crystalline polymer has a total amount of repeating units derived from naphthenic hydroxycarboxylic and/or naphthenic dicarboxylic acids of about 10 mol. % or less.
9. The polymer composition of claim 8 , wherein the liquid crystalline polymer contains HBA in an amount of from about 30 mol. % to about 70 mol. %, IA and/or TA in an amount of from about 2 mol. % to about 30 mol. %, and BP and/or HQ in an amount of from about 2 mol. % to about 40 mol. %.
10. The polymer composition of claim 7 , wherein the liquid crystalline polymer has a total amount of repeating units derived from naphthenic hydroxycarboxylic and/or naphthenic dicarboxylic acids of greater than about 10 mol. %.
11. The polymer composition of claim 10 , wherein the liquid crystalline polymer contains HBA in an amount of from about 20 mol. % to about 60 mol. %, IA and/or TA in an amount of from about 2 mol. % to about 30 mol. %, and BP and/or HQ in an amount of from about 5 mol. % to about 35 mol. %.
12. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductive material constitutes from about 10 wt. % to about 70 wt. % of the polymer composition.
13. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition exhibits a volume resistivity of from about 1×10 11 ohm-m to about 1×10 17 ohm-m and/or a surface resistivity of from about 1×10 13 ohm to about 1×10 19 ohm, as determined at a temperature of about 20° C. in accordance with ASTM D257-14.
14. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the weight percentage of the inorganic particles to the weight percentage of the electrically conductive material is from about 3 to about 100.
15. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive material constitutes from about 0.1 wt. % to about 15 wt. % of the polymer composition and the inorganic particles constitute from about 20 wt. % to about 60 wt. % of the polymer composition.
16. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particles contain barium sulfate.
17. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive material has a volume resistivity of about 0.1 ohm-cm or less.
18. The polymer composition of claim 17 , wherein the electrically conductive material includes a carbon material having a volume resistivity of from about 1×10 3 to about 1×10 12 ohm-cm.
19. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive material includes carbon fibers.
20. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises glass fibers.
21. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a melt viscosity of from about 5 to about 100 Pa-s, as determined at a shear rate of 1,000 seconds −1 and a temperature of about 15° C. above the melting temperature of the polymer composition.
22. A molded part that comprises the polymer composition of claim 1 .
23. The molded part of claim 22 , wherein one or more conductive elements are formed on a surface of the part.
24. An antenna system that comprises a substrate that includes the polymer composition of claim 1 and at least one antenna element configured to transmit and receive radio frequency signals, wherein the antenna element is coupled to the substrate.
25. The antenna system of claim 24 , wherein the radio frequency signals are 5G signals.
26. The antenna system of claim 24 , wherein the at least one antenna element has a feature size that is less than about 1,500 micrometers.
27. The antenna system of claim 24 , wherein the at least one antenna element comprises a plurality of antenna elements.
28. The antenna system of claim 27 , wherein the plurality of antenna elements are spaced apart by a spacing distance that is less than about 1,500 micrometers.
29. The antenna system of claim 27 , wherein the plurality of antenna elements comprise at least 16 antenna elements.
30. The antenna system of claim 27 , wherein the plurality of antenna elements are arranged in an array.
31. The antenna system of claim 30 , wherein the array is configured for at least 8 transmission channels and at least 8 reception channels.
32. The antenna system of claim 30 , wherein the array has an average antenna element concentration of greater than 1,000 antenna elements per square centimeter.
33. The antenna system of claim 24 , further comprising a base station, and wherein the base station comprises the at least one antenna element.
34. The antenna system of claim 33 , further comprising at least one of a user computing device or a repeater, and wherein the at least one of the user computing device or the repeater base station comprises the at least one antenna element.
35. The polymer composition of claim 1 , further comprising a laser activatable additive.