Circuit for multi-path interference mitigation in an optical communication system
A circuit and method for mitigating multi-path interference in direct detection optical systems is provided. Samples of an optical signal having a pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) E-field are processed by generating a PAM level for each sample. For each sample, the sample is subtracted from the respective PAM level to generate a corresponding error sample. The error samples are lowpass filtered to produce estimates of multi-path interference (MPI). For each sample, one of the estimates of MPI is combined with the sample to produce an interference-mitigated sample.
1. An optical receiver comprising:
a receive circuit configured to receive an optical signal comprising a transmitted optical signal component and a reflected component and to convert the optical signal to a converted electrical signal, the reflected component including one or more reflections of the transmitted optical signal due to multipath interference (MPI) in a transmit path of the optical signal; and
an MPI mitigation circuit coupled to the receive circuit, the MPI mitigation circuit comprising feedforward circuitry that is configured to process the converted electrical signal to mitigate in the converted electrical signal a converted electrical signal component corresponding to the reflected component of the received optical signal and to generate an MPI-mitigated signal based on the processed converted electrical signal, wherein the feedforward circuitry comprises:
an error generator configured to estimate a power level of the optical signal from samples of the converted electrical signal and to generate an error signal;
a filter configured to filter the error signal and to output estimates of MPI in the samples; and
a combiner configured to combine the estimates of PI with the respective samples to generate the MPI-mitigated signal;
wherein the optical signal is modulated using pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and wherein the combiner comprises a subtractor configured to:
generate weighted estimates of MPI by multiplying the estimates of MPI from the filter by PAM levels estimated from the respective samples; and
subtract the weighted estimates of MPI from the respective samples to generate the MPI-mitigated signal; and
wherein the MPI mitigation circuit is configured to generate estimates of MPI or samples of the converted electrical signal, the optical receiver further comprising:
an estimator coupled to the receive circuit and configured to estimate one or more interference components in the converted electrical signal that are generated by electrical reflections in portions of the receive circuit in the optical receiver and portions of electrical circuitry used in a transmitter for transmitting the optical signal;
wherein the combiner configured to combine the estimates of MPI generated by the MPI mitigation circuit and the estimates of the interference components generated by the estimator with the respective samples of the converted electrical signal to generate interference mitigated samples in which MPI caused by the reflections of the transmitted optical signal and the interference components generated by the electrical reflections are mitigated.
2. The optical receiver of claim 1 wherein the MPI is caused by the reflections of the transmitted optical signal from one or more connectors in the transmit path of the optical signal.
3. The optical receiver of claim 1 wherein the MPI mitigation circuit is configured to detect a power level of the optical signal from the converted electrical signal and to mitigate the converted electrical signal component corresponding to the reflected component of the received optical signal from the converted electrical signal using the feedforward circuitry based on the detected power level of the optical signal.
4. The optical receiver of claim 1 wherein the feedforward circuitry comprises:
a slicer configured to slice samples of the converted electrical signal and estimate a power level of each sample;
a first subtractor configured to subtract each sample from the respective estimated power level and to generate a plurality of error samples corresponding to the samples;
a filter configured to filter the error samples and to output estimates of MPI estimated from the error samples; and
a second subtractor configured to subtract the estimates of MPI estimated from the error samples from the respective samples to generate the MPI-mitigated signal.
5. The optical receiver of claim 4 wherein the filter includes a moving average filter configured to determine, for each sample, an average of the error samples for a respective set of the error samples defined by a moving window used by the moving average filter, wherein the average is indicative of the estimate of MPI that is subtracted from the respective sample.
6. The optical receiver of claim 5 wherein a size of the moving window for a set of consecutive samples is smaller than a size of a set of the error samples.
7. The optical receiver of claim 6 wherein the size of a set of the consecutive samples is a function of transmitter coherence, which is based on a line width of an optical source used in a transmitter for transmitting the optical signal.
8. The optical receiver of claim 1 wherein the combiner is configured to generate the MPI-mitigated signal based on the interference mitigated samples.
9. An optical receiver comprising:
a receive circuit configured to receive an optical signal comprising a transmitted optical signal component and a reflected component and to convert the optical signal to a converted electrical signal, the reflected component including one or more reflections of the transmitted optical signal due to multipath interference (MPI) in a transmit path of the optical signal;
an MPI mitigation circuit coupled to the receive circuit, the MPI mitigation circuit comprising feedforward circuitry that is configured to process the converted electrical signal to mitigate in the converted electrical signal a converted electrical signal component corresponding to the reflected component of the received optical signal and to generate an MPI-mitigated signal based on the processed converted electrical signal, wherein the MPI mitigation circuit is configured to generate estimates of MPI for samples of the converted electrical signal;
an estimator coupled to the receive circuit and configured to estimate one or more interference components in the converted electrical signal that are generated by electrical reflections in portions of the receive circuit in the optical receiver and portions of electrical circuitry used in a transmitter for transmitting the optical signal; and
a combiner configured to combine the estimates of MPI generated by the MPI mitigation circuit and the estimates of the interference components generated by the estimator with the respective samples of the converted electrical signal to generate interference mitigated samples in which MPI caused by the reflections of the transmitted optical signal and the interference components generated by the electrical reflections are mitigate.
10. The optical receiver of claim 9 wherein the combiner is configured to generate the MPI-mitigated signal based on the interference mitigated samples.