Antennas comprising MX-ENE films and composites
The present disclosure is directed to antennas for transmitting and/or receiving electrical signals comprising a MXene composition, devices comprising these antennas, and methods of transmitting and receiving signals using these antennas.
1. A wearable device, comprising:
an antenna-comprising portion, the antenna-comprising portion including therein or
thereon an antenna comprising a MXene composition that comprises:
(a) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer described by a formula M n+1 X n T x and comprising:
substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M n+1 X n , such that
each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M, wherein
M is at least one Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metal, wherein
each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1, 2, or 3; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups; or
(b) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising:
a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells,
each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M′ 2 M″ n X n+1 T x , such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M′ and M″, and where M″ n are present as individual two-dimensional array of atoms intercalated between a pair of two-dimensional arrays of M′ atoms,
wherein M′ and M″ are different Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metals,
wherein each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1 or 2; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups.
2. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the wearable device is a Bluetooth- or other wireless-enable device.
3. An antenna component, comprising:
a substrate,
the substrate comprising a metal, a metalloid, a metal oxide, an organic material, an inorganic material, a synthetic fiber, or a natural fiber; and
a MXene composition present as a coating on a substrate, the MXene composition comprising:
a) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer described by a formula M n+1 X n T x and comprising:
substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M n+1 X n , such that
each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M, wherein
M is at least one Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metal, wherein
each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1, 2, or 3; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups; or
(b) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising:
a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells,
each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M′ 2 M″ n X n+1 T x , such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M′ and M″, and where M″ n are present as individual two-dimensional array of atoms intercalated between a pair of two-dimensional arrays of M′ atoms,
wherein M′ and M″ are different Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metals,
wherein each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1 or 2; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups.
4. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the organic material comprises an organic polymer.
5. The antenna component of claim 4 , wherein the organic polymer comprises an acrylate, a methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, an epoxy, or a polyurethane.
6. The antenna component of claim 4 , wherein the organic polymer comprises a fluorinated polymer, a perfluorinated polymer, or an alginate polymer.
7. The antenna component of claim 6 , wherein the perfluorinated polymer comprises PVDF or PTFE.
8. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the substrate comprises a glass, silicon, GaAs, a carbide, or a nitride.
9. The antenna component of claim 8 , wherein the substrate comprises silicon.
10. The antenna component of claim 8 , wherein the glass is a silica-based or a boron-based glass.
11. The antenna component of claim 8 , wherein the carbide comprises SiC.
12. The antenna component of claim 8 , wherein the nitride comprises Al 3 N 4 .
13. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the metal comprises Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, or Pt.
14. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the metal oxide comprises SiO 2 or indium tin oxide.
15. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the substrate is characterized as a fabric.
16. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the substrate is characterized as porous.
17. The antenna component of claim 16 , wherein the substrate is characterized as being an aerogel.
18. A receiver/transmitter, comprising:
an antenna portion, the antenna portion comprising a MXene composition that includes
(a) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer described by a formula M n+1 X n T x and comprising:
a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M n+1 X n , such that
each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M, wherein
M is at least one Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metal, wherein
each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1, 2, or 3; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups; or
(b) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising:
a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells,
each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M′ 2 M″ n X n+1 T x , such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M′ and M″, and where M″ n are present as individual two-dimensional array of atoms intercalated between a pair of two-dimensional arrays of M′ atoms,
wherein M′ and M″ are different Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metals,
wherein each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1 or 2; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups,
the antenna portion (i) exhibiting a peak return loss of greater than 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, or 45 dB.
19. The receiver/transmitter of claim 18 , wherein the antenna portion exhibits a peak return loss of greater than 40 dB.
20. The receiver/transmitter of claim 18 , wherein the antenna portion exhibits a peak return loss of greater than 45 dB.