Antennas comprising MX-ENE films and composites
The present disclosure is directed to antennas for transmitting and/or receiving electrical signals comprising a MXene composition, devices comprising these antennas, and methods of transmitting and receiving signals using these antennas.
1. An electronic device, comprising:
an antenna-comprising portion, the antenna-comprising portion including therein or thereon an antenna comprising a MXene composition that comprises:
(a) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer described by a formula M n+1 X n T x and comprising:
substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M n+1 X n , such that
each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M, wherein
M is at least one Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metal, wherein
each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1, 2, or 3; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups; or
(b) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising:
a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells,
each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M′ 2 M″ n X n+1 T x , such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M′ and M″, and where M″ n are present as individual two-dimensional array of atoms intercalated between a pair of two-dimensional arrays of M′ atoms,
wherein M′ and M″ are different Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metals,
wherein each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1 or 2; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups.
2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the electronic device is any one of a radio, a television, a communication receiver, a radar set, a cell phone, a garage door opener, a wireless microphone, a Bluetooth-enabled device, a wireless-enabled device, a wireless charger, a wireless computer network, a baby monitor, or an RFID tag.
3. An antenna component, comprising:
a MXene composition present as a coating on a substrate, the MXene composition comprising:
a) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer described by a formula M n+1 X n T x and comprising:
substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M n+1 X n , such that
each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M, wherein
M is at least one Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metal, wherein
each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1, 2, or 3; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups; or
(b) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising:
a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells,
each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M′ 2 M″ n X n+1 T x , such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M′ and M″, and where M″ n are present as individual two-dimensional array of atoms intercalated between a pair of two-dimensional arrays of M′ atoms,
wherein M′ and M″ are different Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metals,
wherein each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1 or 2; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups,
the antenna component being configured as a dipole antenna.
4. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the antenna is characterized as a folded dipole antenna, a short dipole antenna, a cage dipole antenna, a bow-tie antenna, or a batwing antenna.
5. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the substrate comprises a metal, a metalloid, a metal oxide, an organic material, an inorganic material, a synthetic fiber, or a natural fiber.
6. The antenna component of claim 5 , wherein the organic material comprises an organic polymer.
7. The antenna component of claim 6 , wherein the organic polymer comprises an acrylate, a methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, an epoxy, or a polyurethane.
8. The antenna component of claim 7 , wherein the organic polymer comprises a fluorinated polymer, a perfluorinated polymer, or an alginate polymer.
9. The antenna component of claim 8 , wherein the perfluorinated polymer comprises PVDF or PTFE.
10. The antenna component of claim 5 , wherein the metal comprises Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, or Pt.
11. The antenna component of claim 5 , wherein the metal oxide comprises SiO2 or indium tin oxide.
12. The antenna component of claim 3 , wherein the substrate comprises a glass, silicon, GaAs, a carbide, or a nitride.
13. The antenna component of claim 12 , wherein the substrate comprises silicon.
14. The antenna component of claim 12 , wherein the glass is a silica-based or a boron-based glass.
15. The antenna component of claim 12 , wherein the carbide comprises SiC.
16. The antenna component of claim 12 , wherein the nitride comprises A 13 N 4 .
17. An antenna component, comprising:
a MXene composition, the MXene composition comprising:
a) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer described by a formula M n+1 X n T x and comprising:
substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M n+1 X n , such that
each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M, wherein
M is at least one Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metal, wherein
each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1, 2, or 3; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups; or
(b) at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising:
a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells,
each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M′ 2 M″ n X n+1 T x , such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M′ and M″, and where M″ n are present as individual two-dimensional array of atoms intercalated between a pair of two-dimensional arrays of M′ atoms,
wherein M′ and M″ are different Group IIIB, IVB, VB, or VIB metals,
wherein each X is C, N, or a combination thereof;
n=1 or 2; and wherein
T x represents surface termination groups,
the antenna transmitting or receiving a signal.
18. The antenna of claim 17 , wherein the antenna is transmitting a signal.
19. The antenna of claim 17 , wherein the signal is a radio signal.