Secondary battery pack with improved thermal management
The present invention relates to a novel secondary battery pack with improved thermal management useful for an all-electric vehicle (EV), a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV), a hybrid vehicle (HEV), or battery packs used for other vehicles batteries, and more particularly, to the use of a specific material for thermally insulating a secondary battery pack and further minimizing the propagation of thermal runaway within a battery pack.
1. A combination for preparation of a silicone rubber syntactic foam, wherein the silicone rubber syntactic foam comprises hollow glass beads D, the combination comprising:
(i) an organopolysiloxane A having at least two alkenyl groups bonded to silicon per molecule, the alkenyl groups each containing from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein the organopolysiloxane A has a viscosity at 25° C. of about 5 mPa·s to about 5,000 mPa·s;
(ii) a silicon compound B comprising:
(a) a silicon chain extender B1 having two telechelic hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule with no pendent hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule, wherein the viscosity at 25° C. of the silicon chain extender B1 is between about 5 and about 100 mPa·s; and
(b) a silicon crosslinker B2 having at least three hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule, wherein the viscosity at 25° C. of the silicon crosslinker B2 is between about 5 and about 2000 mPa·s;
(iii) a hydrosilylation catalyst C;
(iv) optionally at least one cure rate controller G which slows the curing rate of the silicone foam combination; and
(v) optionally at least one additive H, optionally the additive H comprises a pigment, a dye, clays, a surfactant, hydrogenated castor oil, wollastonite, aluminium trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, halloysite, huntite hydromagnesite, expandable graphite, zinc borate, mica and/or a fumed silica;
wherein the proportions in weight of the organopolysiloxane A (i) and the silicon compound B (ii) are such that the overall molar ratio of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the silicon to the overall alkenyl radicals bonded to the silicon is between about 0.4 to about 1.5; and
wherein, upon inclusion of between about 9% to about 20% by weight of the hollow glass beads D in the combination, the combination has a viscosity at 25° C. between about 500 mPa·s and about 5,000 mPa·s and is capable of filling a battery module casing.
2. The combination of claim 1 , wherein upon inclusion of between about 9% to about 20% by weight of the hollow glass beads D in the combination, the combination has a viscosity at 25° C. between about 500 mPa·s and about 2,500 mPa·s.
3. The combination of claim 1 , wherein when cured in the presence of the hollow glass beads D, the combination provides a silicone rubber syntactic foam that is flame resistant.
4. The combination of claim 2 , wherein when cured in the presence of the hollow glass beads D, the combination provides a silicone rubber syntactic foam that is flame resistant.
5. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound B (ii) has a weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 from about 6.2:1 to about 11.2:1.
6. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound B (ii) has a weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 from about 6.2:1 to about 10.8:1.
7. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the silicon compound B (ii) has a weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 from about 6.2:1 to about 8.9:1.
8. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the at least two alkenyl groups bonded to silicon per molecule of the organopolysiloxane A is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, hexenyl, decenyl, tetradecenyl, and combinations thereof.
9. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the hydrosilylation catalyst C is selected from the group consisting of Karstedt's catalyst, platinum-based catalysts, rhodium-based catalysts, ruthenium-based catalysts, paladium-based catalysts, nickel-based catalysts, and combinations thereof.
10. The combination of claim 1 , wherein the optional cure rate controller G is selected from the group consisting of vinyl-containing cyclic siloxanes, acetylenic alcohols, heterocyclic amines, alkyl maleates, olefinic siloxanes, polydiorganosiloxanes containing vinyl radicals, and combinations thereof.
11. A combination for preparation of a silicone rubber syntactic foam, where the silicone rubber syntactic foam comprises hollow glass beads D, the combination comprising:
(i) an organopolysiloxane A having at least two alkenyl groups bonded to silicon per molecule, the alkenyl groups each containing from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, wherein the organopolysiloxane A has a viscosity at 25° C. of about 5 mPa·s to about 5,000 mPa·s;
(ii) a silicon compound B comprising:
(a) a silicon chain extender B1 having two telechelic hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule with no pendent hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule, wherein the viscosity at 25° C. of the silicon chain extender B1 is between about 5 and about 100 mPa·s; and
(b) a silicon crosslinker B2 having at least three hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule, wherein the viscosity at 25° C. of the silicon crosslinker B2 is between about 5 and about 2000 mPa·s; and
(iii) a hydrosilylation catalyst C; and
(iv) at least one cure rate controller G which slows the curing rate of the silicone foam combination;
wherein the proportions in weight of the organopolysiloxane A (i) and the silicon compound B (ii) are such that the overall molar ratio of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the silicon to the overall alkenyl radicals bonded to the silicon is between about 0.4 to about 1.5; and
wherein, upon inclusion of between about 9% to about 20% by weight of the hollow glass beads D in the combination, the combination has a viscosity at 25° C. between about 500 mPa·s and about 5,000 mPa·s and is capable of filling a battery module casing.
12. The combination of claim 11 , wherein upon inclusion of between about 9% to about 20% by weight of the hollow glass beads D in the combination, the combination has a viscosity at 25° C. between about 500 mPa·s and about 2,500 mPa·s.
13. The combination of claim 11 , wherein when cured, the combination provides a silicone rubber syntactic foam that is flame resistant.
14. The combination of claim 12 , wherein when cured, the combination provides a silicone rubber syntactic foam that is flame resistant.
15. The combination of claim 11 , wherein the silicon compound B (ii) has a weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 from about 6.2:1 to about 11.2:1.
16. The combination of claim 11 , wherein the silicon compound B (ii) has a weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 from about 6.2:1 to about 10.8:1.
17. The combination of claim 11 , wherein the silicon compound B (ii) has a weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 from about 6.2:1 to about 8.9:1.
18. The combination of claim 11 , wherein the at least two alkenyl groups bonded to silicon per molecule of the organopolysiloxane A is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, hexenyl, decenyl, tetradecenyl, and combination thereof.
19. The combination of claim 11 , wherein the hydrosilylation catalyst C is selected from the group consisting of Karstedt's catalyst, platinum-based catalysts, rhodium-based catalysts, ruthenium-based catalysts, paladium-based catalysts, nickel-based catalysts, and combinations thereof.
20. The combination of claim 11 , wherein the cure rate controller G is selected from the group consisting of vinyl-containing cyclic siloxanes, acetylenic alcohols, heterocyclic amines, alkyl maleates, olefinic siloxanes, polydiorganosiloxanes containing vinyl radicals, and combinations thereof.
21. A kit of parts for preparation of a silicone rubber syntactic foam, wherein the silicone rubber syntactic foam comprises hollow glass beads D, the kit comprising two packages:
the first package P1 comprising:
100 parts by weight of (i) an organopolysiloxane A, and
from 4 to 150 ppm based on metal platinum of a platinum-based hydrosilylation catalyst C; and
the second package P2 comprising:
100 parts by weight of (i) where the organopolysiloxane,
from 10 to 70 parts by weight of a silicon chain extender B1,
from 5 to 25 parts by weight of a silicon crosslinker B2, and
optionally an effective amount of at least one cure rate controller G (iv) which slows the curing rate;
(i) wherein the organopolysiloxane A has at least two alkenyl groups bonded to silicon per molecule, the alkenyl groups each containing from 2 to 14 carbon atoms, and wherein the organopolysiloxane A has a viscosity at 25° C. of from about 5 mPa·s to about 5,000 mPa·s;
(ii) wherein the silicon chain extender B1 has two telechelic hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule with no pendent hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule and a viscosity at 25° C. of from about 5 to about 100 mPa·s; and
(iii) wherein the silicon crosslinker B2 has at least three hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon per molecule and a viscosity at 25° C. of from about 5 mPa·s to about 2000 mPa·s;
wherein the proportions in weight of the organopolysiloxane A, the silicon chain extender B1, and the silicon crosslinker B2 are such that the overall molar ratio of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the silicon to the overall alkenyl radicals bonded to the silicon is from about 0.4 to about 1.5; and
wherein, upon inclusion of between about 9% to about 20% by weight of the hollow glass beads D to at least one of package P1 and P2, the combination of P1 and P2 provides a composition having a viscosity at 25° C. from 500 mPa·s to 5,000 mPa·s and is capable of filling a battery module casing.
22. The kit of claim 21 , upon inclusion of between about 9% to about 20% by weight of the hollow glass beads D to at least one of package P1 and P2, the combination of P1 and P2 provides a composition having a viscosity at 25° C. from 500 mPa·s and 2,500 mPa·s.
23. The kit of claim 21 , wherein the prepared silicone rubber syntactic foam is flame resistant.
24. The kit of claim 22 , wherein the prepared silicone rubber syntactic foam is flame resistant.
25. The kit of claim 21 , wherein the weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 is from about 6.2:1 to about 11.2:1.
26. The kit of claim 21 , wherein the weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 is from about 6.2:1 to about 10.8:1.
27. The kit of claim 21 , wherein the weight ratio of the silicon chain extender B1 to the silicon crosslinker B2 is from about 6.2:1 to about 8.9:1.
28. The kit of claim 21 , wherein the at least two alkenyl groups bonded to silicon per molecule of the organopolysiloxane A is selected from the group consisting of vinyl, allyl, hexenyl, decenyl, tetradecenyl, and combination thereof.
29. The kit of claim 21 , wherein the hydrosilylation catalyst C is selected from the group consisting of Karstedt's catalyst, platinum-based catalysts, rhodium-based catalysts, ruthenium-based catalysts, paladium-based catalysts, nickel-based catalysts, and combinations thereof.
30. The kit of claim 21 , wherein the cure rate controller G is selected from the group consisting of vinyl-containing cyclic siloxanes, acetylenic alcohols, heterocyclic amines, alkyl maleates, olefinic siloxanes, polydiorganosiloxanes containing vinyl radicals, and combinations thereof.