Electric tool powered by a plurality of battery packs and adapter therefor
An electrical apparatus includes first and second battery interfaces disposed on a housing for electrically and mechanically connecting first and second battery packs in series. A controller is disposed within the housing and includes an apparatus microprocessor that receives first and second communication signals respectively outputted from respective microprocessors of the first and second battery packs. A first signal communication path communicates the first communication signal from the first battery pack microprocessor to the apparatus microprocessor by shifting a first voltage range of the first communication signal to a second voltage range that is suitable for inputting into the apparatus microprocessor. A second signal communication path communicates a third communication signal from the apparatus microprocessor to the first battery pack microprocessor by shifting the second voltage range of the third communication signal to a first voltage range that is suitable for inputting into the first battery pack microprocessor.
1. A hand-held electric power tool configured to be powered by at least a first battery pack and a second battery pack connected in series, wherein each of the first and second battery packs comprises a microprocessor and memory, the electric power tool comprising:
a tool housing configured to be detachably latched to the first and second battery packs;
a circuit disposed within the tool housing and electrically connecting power terminals of the first and second battery packs in series;
a controller disposed within the tool housing and comprising a tool microprocessor configured to receive signals respectively outputted from the microprocessors of the first and second battery packs, wherein the microprocessor of the first battery pack outputs a first signal in a first voltage range, the microprocessor of the second battery pack outputs a second signal in a second voltage range different from the first voltage range and the tool microprocessor outputs a third signal in the second voltage range;
a first signal communication path disposed within the tool housing and configured to communicate the first signal from the microprocessor of the first battery pack to the tool microprocessor, the first signal communication path being configured to shift a voltage level of the first signal in the first voltage range to a voltage level that is in the second voltage range suitable for inputting into the tool microprocessor;
a second signal communication path disposed within the tool housing and configured to communicate the third signal from the tool microprocessor to the microprocessor of the first battery pack, the second communication path being configured to shift a voltage level of the third signal in the second voltage range to a voltage level that is in the first voltage range suitable for inputting into the microprocessor of the first battery pack, and
a third signal communication path disposed within the tool housing and configured to communicate the second signal in the second voltage range from the microprocessor of the second battery pack to the tool microprocessor.
2. The electric power tool as in claim 1 , wherein:
the first signal is a first digital signal having a first voltage level and a second voltage level different than the first voltage level of the first digital signal, and the second signal is a second digital signal having a first voltage level and a second voltage level different than the first voltage level of the second digital signal,
the first battery pack is configured to output current at a first power supply voltage that is equal to or higher than the first and second voltage levels of the first digital signal, and
the second battery pack is configured to output current at a second power supply voltage that is equal to or higher than the first and second voltage levels of the second digital signal.
3. The electric power tool as in claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one cut-off switch disposed between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack, the cut-off switch being configured to cut off or open an electrical connection between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack.
4. The electric power tool as in claim 3 , wherein the at least one cut-off switch is controllable by the controller.
5. The electric power tool as in claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one bypass circuit disposed in the tool housing and comprising a diode electrically connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the first battery pack or of the second battery pack.
6. The electric power tool as in claim 5 , wherein the at least one bypass circuit further comprises a fuse.
7. The electric power tool as in claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one cut-off switch disposed between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack, the cut-off switch being configured to cut off or open an electrical connection between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack; and
at least one bypass circuit disposed in the tool housing and comprising a diode electrically connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of one of the battery packs.
8. The electric power tool as in claim 1 , wherein:
the first signal is a first digital signal having a first voltage level and a second voltage level different than the first voltage level of the first digital signal, and the second signal is a second digital signal having a first voltage level and a second voltage level different than the first voltage level of the second digital signal,
the first battery pack is configured to output current at a first power supply voltage that is equal to or higher than the first and second voltage levels of the first digital signal,
the second battery pack is configured to output current at a second power supply voltage that is equal to or higher than the first and second voltage levels of the second digital signal, and
the electric power tool further comprises:
at least one cut-off switch controllable by the controller and disposed between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack, the cut-off switch being configured to cut off or open an electrical connection between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack, and
at least one bypass circuit comprising a diode electrically connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of one of the first or second battery packs, the at least one bypass circuit also comprising a fuse.
9. An adapter configured for detachably connecting a plurality of battery packs to a tool housing of a hand-held electric power tool, wherein each of the battery packs comprises a microprocessor and memory, and the adapter is detachable from the tool housing of the electric power tool, the adapter comprising:
an adapter housing configured to be detachably latched to the first and second battery packs;
a circuit disposed within the adapter housing and configured to electrically connect power terminals of the first and second battery packs in series;
a controller disposed within the adapter housing and comprising an adapter microprocessor configured to receive signals respectively outputted from the microprocessors of the first and second battery packs, wherein the microprocessor of the first battery pack outputs a first signal in a first voltage range, the microprocessor of the second battery pack outputs a second signal in a second voltage range different from the first voltage range and the adapter microprocessor outputs a fourth signal in the second voltage range;
a first signal communication path disposed within the adapter housing and configured to communicate the first signal from the microprocessor of the first battery pack to the adapter microprocessor, the first signal communication path being configured to shift a voltage level of the first signal in the first voltage range to a voltage level that is in the second voltage range suitable for inputting into the adapter microprocessor;
a second signal communication path disposed within the adapter housing and configured to communicate the fourth signal from the adapter microprocessor to the microprocessor of the first battery pack, the second communication path being configured to shift a voltage level of the fourth signal in the second voltage range to a voltage level that is in the first voltage range suitable for inputting into the microprocessor of the first battery pack, and
a third signal communication path disposed within the adapter housing and configured to communicate the second signal at the second voltage level from the microprocessor of the second battery pack to the adapter microprocessor.
10. The adapter as in claim 9 , wherein:
the first signal is a first digital signal having a first voltage level and a second voltage level different than the first voltage level of the first digital signal, and the second signal is a second digital signal having a first voltage level and a second voltage level different than the first voltage level of the second digital signal,
the first battery pack is configured to output current at a first power supply voltage that is equal to or higher than the first and second voltage levels of the first digital signal, and
the second battery pack is configured to output current at a second power supply voltage that is equal to or higher than the first and second voltage levels of the second digital signal.
11. The adapter as in claim 9 , further comprising:
at least one cut-off switch disposed between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack, the cut-off switch being configured to cut off or open an electrical connection between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack.
12. The adapter as in claim 11 , wherein the at least one cut-off switch is controlled by the controller.
13. The adapter as in claim 9 , further comprising:
at least one bypass circuit disposed in the adapter housing and comprising a diode electrically connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of one of the first battery pack or of the second battery pack.
14. The adapter as in claim 13 , wherein the at least one bypass circuit further comprises a fuse.
15. The adapter as in claim 9 , further comprising:
at least one cut-off switch disposed between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack, the cut-off switch being configured to cut off or open an electrical connection between the controller and the microprocessor of the first battery pack; and
at least one bypass circuit comprising a diode electrically connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of one of the battery packs.
16. An electrical apparatus, comprising:
a housing;
first and second battery interfaces disposed on the housing and configured to electrically and mechanically connect to first and second battery packs, respectively, wherein a negative battery terminal of the first battery interface is electrically connected in series with a positive battery terminal of the second battery interface, the first battery pack contains a first microprocessor and a first signal terminal configured to transmit first communication signals from the first microprocessor, and the second battery pack contains a second microprocessor and a second signal terminal configured to transmit second communication signals from the second microprocessor;
a controller disposed within the housing and comprising a third microprocessor configured to receive the first and second communication signals respectively outputted from the first and second microprocessors via the first and second signal terminals, wherein in the state in which the first and second battery packs are respectively electrically connected to the first and second battery interfaces, the first microprocessor outputs the first communication signal via the first signal terminal in a first voltage range, the second microprocessor outputs the second communication signal via the second signal terminal in a second voltage range that is lower than the first voltage range and the third microprocessor outputs a third communication signal in the second voltage range;
a first signal communication path disposed within the housing and configured to communicate the first communication signal from the first microprocessor to the third microprocessor, the first signal communication path being configured to shift a voltage level of the first communication signal in the first voltage range to a voltage level that is in the second voltage range suitable for inputting into the third microprocessor;
a second signal communication path disposed within the housing and configured to communicate the third communication signal from the third microprocessor to the first microprocessor, the second communication path being configured to shift a voltage range of the third communication signal in the second voltage range to a voltage level that is in the first voltage range suitable for inputting into the first microprocessor; and
a third signal communication path disposed within the housing and configured to communicate the second communication signal in the second voltage range from the second microprocessor to the third microprocessor without shifting the second voltage range.
17. The electrical apparatus as in claim 16 , wherein:
the first and second communication signals are digital signals, and
in the state in which the first and second battery packs are respectively electrically connected to the first and second battery interfaces, the first battery pack outputs current to the positive terminal of the first battery interface at a first power supply voltage that is equal to or higher than the first voltage range of the first communication signal, and the second battery pack outputs current at a positive terminal of the second battery interface at a second power supply voltage that is equal to or higher than the second voltage range of the second communication signal.
18. The electrical apparatus as in claim 17 , further comprising:
at least one bypass circuit disposed in the housing and comprising a first diode electrically connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the first battery pack.
19. The electrical apparatus as in claim 18 , wherein the at least one bypass circuit further comprises a fuse.
20. The electrical apparatus as in claim 19 , further comprising:
at least one cut-off switch configured to cut off or open an electrical connection between the controller and the first microprocessor.