Solutions and methods for long-term pollen storage
The invention provides novel solutions and methods for storage and delivery of pollen to a female reproductive part of a recipient plant. The pollen storage solution provided includes a solute that maintains the tonicity of the pollen storage solution at a concentration between about 0.5 M and about 3.0 M and a cryoprotectant. The methods provided include storing the pollen storage solution and applying pollen stored in the storage pollen solution to at least a first female reproductive part of a recipient plant, thereby pollinating the female reproductive part with the stored pollen from the donor plant.
1. A pollen storage solution comprising:
(a) Poaceae pollen;
(b) a solute that maintains the tonicity of the pollen storage solution at a concentration between about 0.5M and about 3.0M; and
(c) a cryoprotectant;
wherein said solute is impermeable to said pollen in said solution, wherein said cryoprotectant is permeable to said pollen in said solution, and wherein at least about 5% of pollen grains in said pollen storage solution remain capable of germination on a stigma following storage in said pollen storage solution for at least about 1 month.
2. The pollen storage solution of claim 1 , wherein:
a) the solute is further defined as a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a polysaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, or a polyethylene glycol solute; or
b) the cryoprotectant is:
i) selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, butanediol, propylene glycol, betaine, acetamide, formamide, and glycerol; or
ii) present in the solution at a concentration between about 0.5M and about 5.0M.
3. The pollen storage solution of claim 1 , wherein the solute is:
a) selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose rehalose, cellobiose, chitobiose, kojibiose, nigerose, isomaltose, trehalose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, trehalulose, turanose, maltulose, leucrose, isomaltulose, gentiobiulose, mannobiose, melibiose, melibiulose, rutinose, rutinulose, xylobiose, maltotriose, melezitose, nigerotriose, maltotriulose, raffinose, kestose, maltodextrin, starch, glycogen, galactogen, cellulose, chitin, pectin, peptidoglycan, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, isomalt, maltitol, sodium chloride, and polyethylene glycol; or
b) present in the solution at a concentration of between about 0.5M and about 3.0M.
4. The pollen storage solution of claim 3 , wherein the solute is sucrose.
5. The pollen storage solution of claim 1 , defined as an aqueous solution or an isotonic solution.
6. The pollen storage solution of claim 1 , wherein the cryoprotectant is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
7. The pollen storage solution of claim 1 , wherein the Poaceae pollen is from a corn, rice, wheat, or sorghum cereal plant.
8. The pollen storage solution of claim 1 , wherein the solution further comprises a component selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a lipid, a vitamin, an electrolyte, a macronutrient, a micronutrient, an energy source, a buffer, a cytokinin, an auxin, an organic extract, and a gibberellin.
9. A method for storing Poaceae pollen, the method comprising storing Poaceae pollen in the pollen storage solution according to claim 1 .
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein:
a) the solute is further defined as a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a polysaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, or a polyethylene glycol solute;
b) the cryoprotectant is:
i) selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, butanediol, propylene glycol, betaine, acetamide, formamide, and glycerol; or
ii) present in the solution at a concentration between about 0.5M and about 5.0M;
c) said storing is:
i) performed at a temperature between about −196° C. and about −70° C.;
ii) performed for up to about 10 years; or
iii) performed for at least about 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 5 years or 7 years; or
d) the pollen storage solution is defined as:
i) an aqueous solution; or
ii) an isotonic solution.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein at least about 10% of pollen grains in said solution remain capable of germination on a stigma following said storing.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the Poaceae pollen is from a corn, rice, wheat, or sorghum plant.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solute is:
a) selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose rehalose, cellobiose, chitobiose, kojibiose, nigerose, isomaltose, trehalose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, trehalulose, turanose, maltulose, leucrose, isomaltulose, gentiobiulose, mannobiose, melibiose, melibiulose, rutinose, rutinulose, xylobiose, maltotriose, melezitose, nigerotriose, maltotriulose, raffinose, kestose, maltodextrin, starch, glycogen, galactogen, cellulose, chitin, pectin, peptidoglycan, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, isomalt, maltitol, sodium chloride, and polyethylene glycol; or
b) present in the solution at a concentration of between about 0.5M and about 3.0M.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solute is sucrose.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cryoprotectant is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the solution further comprises a component selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a lipid, a vitamin, an electrolyte, a macronutrient, a micronutrient, an energy source, a buffer, a cytokinin, an auxin, an organic extract, and a gibberellin.
17. A method for pollinating a Poaceae plant, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) obtaining Poaceae pollen that has been stored in the pollen storage solution of claim 1 ; and
(b) pollinating said Poaceae plant with said Poaceae pollen.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein:
a) the solute is further defined as a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a polysaccharide, a polyhydric alcohol, or a polyethylene glycol solute;
b) said pollen storage solution was;
i) stored for up to about 10 years prior to said pollinating; or
ii) stored for at least about 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, or 1 year prior to said pollinating;
c) the pollen storage solution is defined as;
i) an aqueous solution; or
ii) an isotonic solution; or
d) the cryoprotectant is:
i) selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, butanediol, propylene glycol, betaine, acetamide, formamide, and glycerol; or
ii) present in the solution at a concentration between about 0.5M and about 5.0M.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the Poaceae pollen is from a corn, rice, wheat, or sorghum plant.
20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the solute is:
a) selected from the group consisting of glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose rehalose, cellobiose, chitobiose, kojibiose, nigerose, isomaltose, trehalose, sophorose, laminaribiose, gentiobiose, trehalulose, turanose, maltulose, leucrose, isomaltulose, gentiobiulose, mannobiose, melibiose, melibiulose, rutinose, rutinulose, xylobiose, maltotriose, melezitose, nigerotriose, maltotriulose, raffinose, kestose, maltodextrin, starch, glycogen, galactogen, cellulose, chitin, pectin, peptidoglycan, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, lactitol, isomalt, maltitol, sodium chloride, and polyethylene glycol; or
b) present in the solution at a concentration of between about 0.5M and about 3.0M.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the solute is sucrose.
22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the cryoprotectant is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
23. The method of claim 17 , wherein:
a) the solution further comprises a component selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a lipid, a vitamin, an electrolyte, a macronutrient, a micronutrient, an energy source, a buffer, a cytokinin, an auxin, an organic extract, and a gibberellin; or
b) said pollinating produces;
i) at least about 1 seed per 5 mg of pollen used for said pollinating; or
ii) a substantially equivalent number of seeds compared to the number of seeds produced from pollination under the same conditions but using pollen that was not stored.
24. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
a) collecting seed resulting from said pollinating; or
b) repeating said steps (a) and (b) on two or more consecutive days.
25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising crossing a progeny plant grown from seed resulting from said pollinating with itself or a second plant.
26. The method of claim 17 , wherein said pollinating comprising manually applying or spraying said pollen onto a female reproductive part of said plant.