Radio-frequency apparatus with multi-band wideband balun and associated methods
An apparatus includes an RF apparatus, and a wideband multi-band matching balun. The wideband multi-band matching balun includes a multi-band balun, which includes at least one three-element frequency-dependent resonator (TEFDR). The wideband multi-band matching balun further includes a differential-to-differential matching circuit coupled to the RF apparatus. The differential-to-differential matching circuit includes at least one TEFDR.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a radio-frequency (RF) apparatus; and
a wideband multi-band matching balun using passive components to provide simultaneous balun and impedance matching functionality in multiple bands, the wideband multi-band matching balun comprising:
a multi-band balun, the multi-band balun comprising at least one three-element frequency-dependent resonator (TEFDR); and
a differential-to-differential matching circuit coupled to the RF apparatus that provides impedance matching between the RF apparatus and the multi-band balun, the differential-to-differential matching circuit comprising at least one TEFDR,
wherein the at least one TEFDR in the multi-band balun, the differential-to-differential matching circuit, or both, provides functionality of an inductor having a frequency-dependent inductance or a capacitor having a capacitance having a frequency-dependent capacitance.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-band balun comprises four TEFDRs, and wherein the differential-to-differential matching circuit comprises two TEFDRs.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the differential-to-differential matching circuit further comprises an inductor and a capacitor coupled to the two TEFDRs, wherein the inductor and the capacitor are coupled in series.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the RF apparatus comprises receive circuitry or transmit circuitry.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the RF apparatus comprises both receive circuitry and transmit circuitry.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one TEFDR in the multi-band balun comprises (a) two inductors coupled to one capacitor; or (b) one inductor coupled to two capacitors.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one TEFDR in the differential-to-differential matching circuit comprises (a) two inductors coupled to one capacitor; or (b) one inductor coupled to two capacitors.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one three-element frequency-dependent resonator in the multi-band balun or in the differential-to-differential matching circuit realizes an inductor having an inductance that varies as a function of frequency.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one three-element frequency-dependent resonator in the multi-band balun or in the differential-to-differential matching circuit realizes a capacitor having a capacitance that varies as a function of frequency.
10. An apparatus, comprising:
a radio-frequency (RF) apparatus; and
a wideband multi-band matching balun using passive components to provide simultaneous balun and impedance matching functionality in multiple bands, the wideband multi-band matching balun comprising:
a multi-band balun, the multi-band balun comprising four three-element frequency-dependent resonator (TEFDRs); and
a differential-to-differential matching circuit coupled to the RF apparatus, the differential-to-differential matching circuit comprising:
a series inductor-capacitor (LC) network; and
a pair of TEFDRs, comprising all fixed-value components, coupled to a series LC network,
wherein at least one TEFDR in the multi-band balun, the differential-to-differential matching circuit, or both, provides functionality of an inductor having a frequency-dependent inductance or a capacitor having a capacitance having a frequency-dependent capacitance.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein any of the TEFDRs realizes an inductor having an inductance that varies as a function of frequency or a capacitor having a capacitance that varies as a function of frequency.
12. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein any of the TEFDRs comprises either (a) two capacitor and an inductor, or (b) two inductors and a capacitor.
13. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the multi-band balun operates in a lower band of frequency and in a higher band of frequency comprising frequencies higher than frequencies of the lower band of frequency, wherein the lower band of frequency comprises 310-510 MHz, ±10%.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the higher band of frequency comprises 780-950 MHz, ±10%.
15. A method of operating an apparatus that includes a radio-frequency (RF) apparatus, the method comprising using a wideband multi-band matching balun using passive components to provide simultaneous balun and impedance matching functionality in multiple bands, wherein the wideband multi-band matching balun includes a multi-band balun coupled to a differential-to-differential matching circuit, wherein the multi-band balun comprises at least one three-element frequency-dependent resonator (TEFDR), and wherein the differential-to-differential matching circuit comprises at least one TEFDR, wherein the at least one TEFDR in the multi-band balun, the differential-to-differential matching circuit, or both, provides functionality of an inductor having a frequency-dependent inductance or a capacitor having a capacitance having a frequency-dependent capacitance.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the multi-band balun comprises four TEFDRs, and wherein the differential-to-differential matching circuit comprises two TEFDRs.
17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the differential-to-differential matching circuit further comprises an inductor and a capacitor coupled to the two TEFDRs, wherein the inductor and the capacitor are coupled in series.
18. The method according to claim 15 , wherein any of the TEFDRs comprises (a) two inductors coupled to one capacitor; or (b) one inductor coupled to two capacitors.
19. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the at least one three-element frequency-dependent resonator in the multi-band balun or in the differential-to-differential matching circuit realizes an inductor having an inductance that varies as a function of frequency.
20. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the at least one three-element frequency-dependent resonator in the multi-band balun or in the differential-to-differential matching circuit realizes a capacitor having a capacitance that varies as a function of frequency.