Co-firing of low firing temperature dielectric materials with high bismuth garnet ferrites for miniaturized isolators and circulators
A method of forming a composite material for use as an isolator or circulator in a radiofrequency device comprises providing a low temperature fireable outer material, the low fireable outer material having a garnet or scheelite structure, inserting a high dielectric constant inner material having a dielectric constant above 30 within an aperture in the low temperature fireable outer material, and co-firing the lower temperature fireable outer material and the high dielectric constant inner material together at temperature between 650-900° C. to shrink the low temperature fireable outer material around an outer surface of the high dielectric constant inner material to form an integrated magnetic/dielectric assembly without the use of adhesive or glue.
1. A method of forming a composite material for use as an isolator or circulator in a radiofrequency device, the method comprising:
providing a low temperature fireable outer material, the low temperature fireable outer material having a garnet or scheelite structure;
inserting a high dielectric constant inner material within an aperture in the low temperature fireable outer material, the high dielectric constant inner material having a dielectric constant above 30; and
co-firing the lower temperature fireable outer material and the high dielectric constant inner material together at temperature between 650-900° C. to shrink the low temperature fireable outer material around an outer surface of the high dielectric constant inner material to form an integrated magnetic/dielectric assembly without the use of adhesive or glue.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material including BiVO 4 .
3. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing the low temperature fireable outer material in a shape of a ring.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the high dielectric constant inner material includes providing the high dielectric constant inner material in a shape of a disc.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material having a dielectric constant between 20 and 80.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material including a combination of BiVO 4 and Al 2 O 3 .
7. The method of claim 6 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material including up to 6% Al 2 O 3 .
8. The method of claim 6 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material including Bi 4 V 2 O 11 present in the low temperature fireable outer material as a phase separate from the BiVO 4 .
9. The method of claim 6 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material further including one or more of yttrium vanadate, gadolinium vanadate, or titanium oxide.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material in which one or both of yttrium vanadate or gadolinium vanadate form a solid solution with the BiVO 4 in the low temperature fireable outer material.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material in which Bi 4 V 2 O 11 and BiVO 4 are present in the low temperature fireable outer material as separate phases.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material in which Bi 4 V 2 O 11 , BiVO 4 , and Bi 2 Ti 4 O 11 are present in the low temperature fireable outer material as separate phases.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material in which Bi 4 V 2 O 11 , BiVO 4 , Bi 2 Ti 4 O 11 , and TiO 2 are present in the low temperature fireable outer material as separate phases.
14. The method of claim 6 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material further including titanium oxide in an amount up to 10 wt %.
15. The method of claim 6 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material further including titanium dioxide as a phase separate from the BiVO 4 .
16. The method of claim 6 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material further including gadolinium vanadate in an amount up to 50 wt %.
17. The method of claim 6 wherein providing the low temperature fireable outer material includes providing a low temperature fireable outer material in which Bi 4 V 2 O 11 and GdVO 4 are present in the low temperature fireable outer material as separate phases.
18. A radiofrequency isolator or circulator comprising:
a low temperature fireable outer material, the low temperature fireable outer material having a garnet or scheelite structure; and
a high dielectric constant inner material located within the low temperature fireable outer material, the high dielectric constant inner material having a dielectric constant above 30, the low temperature fireable outer material and the high dielectric constant inner material being configured to be co-fired together at temperature between 650-900° C. without the use of adhesive or glue.
19. The radiofrequency isolator or circulator of claim 18 included in an electronics device module.
20. The radiofrequency isolator or circulator of claim 18 included in an RF electronics device.