3, 7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine salts and their use
Described are methods of preparing reduced 3,7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine (DAPTZ) compounds of formula: wherein: R 1 and R 9 are independently selected from: —H; C 1-4 alkyl; C 2-4 alkenyl; and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; each of R 3NA and R 3NB is independently selected from: —H; C 1-4 alkyl; C 2-4 alkenyl; and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; each of R 7NA and R 7NB is independently selected from: —H; C 1-4 alkyl; C 2-4 alkenyl; and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; each of HX 1 and HX 2 is independently a protic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These methods are particularly useful for producing stable reduced forms, and with high purity. The stability and purity are especially relevant for pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disease. The compounds are useful for treatment of e.g. tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, and also as prodrugs for the corresponding oxidized thioninium drugs.
1. A method of treatment of a disease in a subject in need thereof,
wherein said disease is selected from the group consisting of: skin cancer, Hepatitis C, HIV, West Nile Virus (WNV), and malaria,
the method comprising administering to the subject with the disease a therapeutically effective amount of a bis protic acid salt compound of the following formula:
wherein:
each of R 1 and R 9 is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl;
each of R 3NA and R 3NB is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl;
each of R 7NA and R 7NB is independently selected from: —H, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2-4 alkenyl, and halogenated C 1-4 alkyl; and
each of HX 1 and HX 2 is independently a protic acid, wherein if any of HX 1 or HX 2 is a hydrohalic acid, then each is independently selected from HCl and HBr.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of R 1 and R 9 is independently —H, -Me, -Et, or —CF 3 .
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of R 1 and R 9 is independently —H, -Me, or -Et.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 9 are the same.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of R 1 and R 9 is —H.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of R 3NA and R 3NB is independently -Me, -Et, -nPr, -nBu, —CH 2 —CH═CH 2 , or —CF 3 .
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 3NA and R 3NB are the same.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of R 7NA and R 7NB is independently -Me, -Et, -nPr, -nBu, —CH 2 —CH═CH 2 , or —CF 3 .
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 7NA and R 7NB are the same.
10. The method according to claim 1 , with the proviso that:
at least one of R 3NA and R 3NB and R 7NA and R 7NB is other than -Et.
11. The method according to claim 1 , with the proviso that:
if: each of R 1 and R 9 is —H;
then: R 3NA and R 3NB and R 7NA and R 7NB are not each -Et.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of the groups —N(R 3NA )(R 3NB ) and —N(R 7NA )(R 7NB ) is independently selected from: —NMe 2 , —NEt 2 , —N(nPr) 2 , —N(Bu) 2 , —NMeEt, —NMe(nPr), and —N(CH 2 CH═CH 2 ) 2 .
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the groups —N(R 3N A)(R 3NB ) and —N(R 7NA )(R 7NB ) are the same, and are selected from: —NMe 2 and —NEt 2 .
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the groups —N(R 3NA )(R 3NB ) and —N(R 7 NA)(R 7 NB) are the same.
15. The method according to claim 1 , with the proviso that: each of the groups —N(R 3 NA)(R 3 NB) and —N(R 7 NA)(R 7 NB) is other than —NEt 2 .
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the groups —N(R 3N A)(R 3NB ) and —N(R 7NA )(R 7NB ) are the same, and are selected from: —NMe 2 , —N(nPr) 2 , —N(Bu) 2 , —NMeEt, —NMe(nPr), and —N(CH 2 CH═CH 2 ) 2 .
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of the groups —N(R 3 NA)(R 3 NB) and —N(R 7 NA)(R 7 NB) is: —NMe 2 .
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of HX 1 and HX 2 is independently a monoprotic acid.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of HX 1 and HX 2 is independently a hydrohalic acid.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of HX 1 and HX 2 is independently an organic acid.
21. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered as a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is a dosage unit which comprises 20 to 300 mg of the compound.
23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the dosage unit is a tablet or capsule.
24. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the administering is oral.
25. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disease is skin cancer and wherein the skin cancer is melanoma.
26. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disease is Hepatitis C, HIV, or West Nile Virus (WNV).
27. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the disease is malaria.