Ultra-wide band antenna configuration for physical access control system
The present disclosure relates to a reader, such as a reader for a physical access control system. The reader can include first and second antennas, each designed or configured for receiving ultra-wide band (UWB) signals. The reader can also include a mounting plane configured for mounting the reader to a surface. An axis aligning the first and second antennas can be arranged substantially perpendicular relative the mounting plane. A material can be provided between the first and second antennas. The material can have a thickness that defines a distance between the first and second antennas of less than a half wavelength of the UWB signal through air (λ A /2), the material configured to slow down electromagnetic waves passing therethrough such that the thickness of the material provides an effective separation distance of the first and second antennas of at least a half wavelength of the UWB signal through air (λ A /2).
1. A reader comprising:
a mounting plane configured for mounting the reader to a surface;
a first antenna configured for receiving an ultra-wide band (UWB) signal;
a second antenna configured for receiving the UWB signal, the first antenna and second antenna being arranged along an axis that is generally perpendicular to the mounting plane; and
a material disposed between the first and second antennas;
wherein a distance between the first and second antennas along the axis is less than a half wavelength of the UWB signal through air (λ A /2); and
wherein the material is configured to slow down electromagnetic waves passing therethrough such that an effective separation distance of the first and second antennas along the axis is at least a half wavelength of the UWB signal through air (λ A /2).
2. The reader of claim 1 , wherein the first and second antennas are mounted on a same side of a printed circuit board (PCB).
3. The reader of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises a printed circuit board (PCB).
4. The reader of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises a plurality of materials.
5. The reader of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises a composite of material that varies in one or more properties along the axis or perpendicularly to the axis.
6. The reader of claim 1 , wherein the axis passes through a centroid of each of the first and second antennas.
7. The reader of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the material defines a distance between the first and second antennas along the axis.
8. An ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna configuration comprising:
a first antenna configured for receiving a UWB signal;
a second antenna configured for receiving the UWB signal; and
a material disposed between the first and second antenna and having a thickness that defines a distance between the first and second antennas of less than a half wavelength of the UWB signal through air (λ A /2), the material configured to slow down electromagnetic waves passing therethrough such that the thickness of the material provides an effective separation distance of the first and second antennas of at least a half wavelength of the UWB signal through air (λ A /2).
9. The UWB antenna configuration of claim 8 , wherein the first antenna and second antenna are aligned along an axis that is generally perpendicular to a surface to which the UWB antenna configuration is to be mounted.
10. The UWB antenna configuration of claim 9 , wherein the axis passes through a centroid of each of the first and second antennas.
11. The UWB antenna configuration of claim 8 , wherein the first antenna and second antenna are aligned along an axis that is at an angle of between 25° and 155° relative to a surface to which the UWB antenna configuration is to be mounted.
12. The UWB antenna configuration of claim 11 , wherein the axis passes through a centroid of at least one of the first and second antennas.
13. A method for determining user intent to access a secure area, the method comprising:
receiving an ultra-wide band (UWB) signal from a credential device at each of a first and second UWB antenna in a UWB antenna configuration, the UWB antenna configuration comprising:
the first antenna;
the second antenna; and
a material disposed between the first and second antenna and having a thickness that defines a distance between the first and second antennas of less than a half wavelength of the UWB signal through air (λ A /2), the material configured to slow down electromagnetic waves passing therethrough such that the thickness of the material provides an effective separation distance of the first and second antennas of at least a half wavelength of the UWB signal through air (λ A /2); and
determining localization data relating to the credential device based on the UWB signal.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising determining whether a user of the credential device appears to be exhibiting an intent to access the secure area based on the localization data.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
receiving credential information from the credential device;
validating the credential information; and
permitting access to the secure area by the user of the credential device when the credential information is valid and the method has determined that the user appears to be exhibiting the intent to access the secure area.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of validating the credential information is completed after it the method has determined that the user appears to be exhibiting the intent to access the secure area.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the step of validating the credential information is completed prior to or simultaneous with determining that the user appears to be exhibiting the intent to access the secure area.