Enhanced metal-metal-matrix composite weapon barrels
Methods of manufacturing metal, metal-matrix, metal-metal-matrix composite weapon barrels offer barrels with improved thermal performance and rigidity with no, minimal or negative weight increase. A barrel may include a barrel core surrounded by a lightweight, thermally conductive sleeve made from metal, metal-matrix composite (MMC) materials, also referred to as metal-matrix material. The barrel core and barrel sleeve may include aligning features to prevent separation and movement of the sleeve along the core. The disclosed methods provide for material combinations and part designs that prevent separation of their parts over the life of the weapon barrel and allow the barrel to perform at high cadence over the whole temperature range the barrel is used.
1. A weapon barrel comprising:
an inner core having a first end, a second end, a bore extending from the first end to the second end, and an external surface extending from the first end to the second end, the inner core having at least one annular, circumferential ridge extending radially from the external surface, the inner core including a material selected from the group consisting of a ferrous alloy, a non-ferrous alloy, a ceramic, a bonded ceramic, and a cemented carbide; and
an outer sleeve having a first end, a second end, an internal surface extending from the first end to the second end, and an external surface extending from the first end to the second end, the outer sleeve being disposed around and permanently joined to the inner core, the outer sleeve defining at least one annular, circumferential groove extending from the internal surface, wherein the at least one annular, circumferential groove of the outer sleeve is sized and configured to receive and engage the at least one annular, circumferential ridge of the inner core, wherein the outer sleeve includes a material selected from the group consisting of a metal-matrix composite and a beryllium alloy, the outer sleeve material being located at and between the internal surface and the external surface of the outer sleeve.
2. The weapon barrel of claim 1 , wherein the at least one annular circumferential ridge comprises a plurality of annular, circumferential ridges, and wherein the at least one annular, circumferential groove comprises a plurality of annular, circumferential grooves, each of the plurality of annular, circumferential grooves being sized and configured to receive and engage a respective one of the plurality of annular, circumferential ridges.
3. The weapon barrel of claim 1 , wherein the inner core comprises an internal core and an intermediate layer joined to an outer surface of the internal core, the intermediate layer being selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal alloy and a metal-matrix-composite, the intermediate layer facilitating the connection between the outer sleeve and the internal core.
4. The weapon barrel of claim 1 , wherein the non-ferrous alloy comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a cobalt alloy and a nickel alloy.
5. The weapon barrel of claim 4 , wherein the beryllium alloy has a thermal expansion coefficient that is less than or equal to a thermal expansion coefficient of the nonferrous alloy, and wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the beryllium alloy is within 15% of the nonferrous alloy.
6. The weapon barrel of claim 1 , wherein the metal-matrix composite material comprises:
a matrix material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, scandium, francium, titanium, lithium, beryllium, magnesium, yttrium, calcium, potassium, sodium, barium their alloys, metallic glasses and intermetallic phases; and
a filler material selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, copper, gold, silver, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, boron nitride nanotubes, beryllium oxide, beryllium, diamond and silicon carbide.
7. The weapon barrel of claim 6 , wherein:
the filler material comprises a granular material evenly dispersed within the matrix material; and
the metal-matrix composite material is less dense than the inner core material and has a thermal expansion coefficient within 15% of a thermal expansion coefficient of the inner core material.