Low noise amplifiers with low noise figure
Low noise amplifiers (LNAs) with low noise figure are provided. In certain embodiments, an LNA includes a single-ended LNA stage including an input for receiving a single-ended input signal from an antenna and an output for providing a single-ended amplified signal, a balun for converting the single-ended amplified signal to a differential signal, and a variable gain differential amplification stage for amplifying the differential signal from the balun. Implementing the LNA in this manner provides low noise figure, high gain, flexibility in controlling gain, and less sensitivity to ground/supply impedance.
1. A mobile device comprising:
an antenna configured to provide a single-ended input signal in response to receiving a radio wave; and
a front-end system including a single-ended cascode field-effect transistor stage configured to amplify the single-ended input signal to generate a single-ended amplified signal, an input balun having a first winding configured to receive the single-ended amplified signal and a second winding configured to output a differential amplified signal, and a first differential low noise amplifier stage configured to receive the differential amplified signal in a first mode, the single-ended cascode field-effect transistor stage including a first input stage series inductor, an input stage series capacitor, an input stage gain field-effect transistor having a gate that receives the single-ended input signal through the first input stage series inductor and the input stage series capacitor, a second input stage series inductor, and an input stage cascode field-effect transistor having a source connected to a drain of the input stage gain field-effect transistor through the second input stage series inductor.
2. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the single-ended cascode field-effect transistor stage further includes an input stage degeneration inductor, the input stage gain field-effect transistor having a source connected to a ground voltage through the input stage degeneration inductor.
3. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the input stage cascode field-effect transistor has a gate connected to a supply voltage.
4. The mobile device of claim 3 wherein the input stage cascode field-effect transistor has a drain connected to the supply voltage through the first winding.
5. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the first differential low noise amplifier stage has variable gain.
6. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the front-end system further includes a first pair of switches configured to close in the first mode to provide the differential amplified signal to the first differential low noise amplifier stage, and to open in a second mode.
7. The mobile device of claim 6 wherein the front-end system further includes a second differential low noise amplifier stage and a second pair of switches configured to open in the first mode, and to close in the second mode to provide the differential amplified signal to the second differential low noise amplifier stage.
8. The mobile device of claim 7 wherein the front-end system further includes an output balun having a first winding connected across a differential output of the second differential low noise amplifier stage, and a second winding configured to output a single-ended output signal.
9. The mobile device of claim 7 wherein the first differential low noise amplifier stage and the second differential low noise amplifier stage each have variable gain.
10. The mobile device of claim 1 wherein the first differential low noise amplifier stage is a differential cascode field-effect transistor stage.
11. The mobile device of claim 10 wherein the differential cascode field-effect transistor stage includes a first gain transistor, a first cascode transistor, a first inductor connected between the first gain transistor and the first cascode transistor, a second gain transistor, a second cascode transistor, and a second inductor connected between the second gain transistor and the second cascode transistor.
12. A low noise amplifier comprising:
a single-ended cascode field-effect transistor stage configured to amplify a single-ended input signal to generate a single-ended amplified signal;
an input balun having a first winding configured to receive the single-ended amplified signal and a second winding configured to output a differential amplified signal; and
a first differential low noise amplifier stage configured to receive the differential amplified signal in a first mode, the single-ended cascode field-effect transistor stage including a first input stage series inductor, an input stage series capacitor, an input stage gain field-effect transistor having a gate that receives the single-ended input signal through the first input stage series inductor and the input stage series capacitor, a second input stage series inductor, and an input stage cascode field-effect transistor having a source connected to a drain of the input stage gain field-effect transistor through the second input stage series inductor.
13. The low noise amplifier of claim 12 wherein the single-ended cascode field-effect transistor stage further includes an input stage degeneration inductor, the input stage gain field-effect transistor having a source connected to a ground voltage through the input stage degeneration inductor.
14. The low noise amplifier of claim 12 wherein the input stage cascode field-effect transistor has a gate connected to a supply voltage.
15. The low noise amplifier of claim 14 wherein the input stage cascode field-effect transistor has a drain connected to the supply voltage through the first winding.
16. The low noise amplifier of claim 12 wherein the first differential low noise amplifier stage has variable gain.
17. The low noise amplifier of claim 12 wherein the front-end system further includes a first pair of switches configured to close in the first mode to provide the differential amplified signal to the first differential low noise amplifier stage, and to open in a second mode.
18. The low noise amplifier of claim 17 wherein the front-end system further includes a second differential low noise amplifier stage and a second pair of switches configured to open in the first mode, and to close in the second mode to provide the differential amplified signal to the second differential low noise amplifier stage.
19. The low noise amplifier of claim 17 wherein the front-end system further includes an output balun having a first winding connected across a differential output of the second differential low noise amplifier stage, and a second winding configured to output a single-ended output signal.
20. A packaged module comprising:
a package substrate; and
a low noise amplifier die attached to the package substrate, the low noise amplifier die including a single-ended cascode field-effect transistor stage configured to amplify the single-ended input signal to generate a single-ended amplified signal, an input balun having a first winding configured to receive the single-ended amplified signal and a second winding configured to output a differential amplified signal, and a first differential low noise amplifier stage configured to receive the differential amplified signal in a first mode, the single-ended cascode field-effect transistor stage including a first input stage series inductor, an input stage series capacitor, an input stage gain field-effect transistor having a gate that receives the single-ended input signal through the first input stage series inductor and the input stage series capacitor, a second input stage series inductor, and an input stage cascode field-effect transistor having a source connected to a drain of the input stage gain field-effect transistor through the second input stage series inductor.