Cell culture
Aspects of the present invention relate to apparatus for use in cell and tissue culture techniques. Particularly, although not exclusively, embodiments of the present invention relate to apparatus which contribute to providing a dynamic cell culture environment. Also disclosed herein are methods for culturing cells and/or tissues, together with in vitro methods of testing drug efficacy as well as other subject matter.
1. A multi-well plate apparatus for providing bi-directional fluid flow for culturing cells within the plate apparatus, comprising:
a holder body; a holder body support; at least one drive element arranged to rock a holder body supported via the support to thereby repeatedly raise and lower spaced apart ends of the holder body, wherein the apparatus for providing bi-directional fluid flow is configured to repeatedly rock the holder body; and wherein the holder body comprises a plurality of pairs of adjacent chambers and a plurality of insert elements, each disposed within an individual chamber; each pair of adjacent chambers comprising:
a first chamber containing a first base element; a second chamber containing a second base element; and only one channel extending between the interior of the first chamber and the interior of the second chamber; wherein:
the only one channel permits bi-directional fluid flow between only the first chamber and the second chamber of each pair of adjacent chambers;
the first chamber and the second chamber directly connected to the only one channel.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the volume of each pair of adjacent chambers, including the channel, is between 0.5 mL and 8 mL.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each chamber comprises at least one side wall element.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein each channel extends between a base or side wall of the first chamber to a base or side wall of the second chamber of each pair of adjacent chambers.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each insert element further comprises a plurality of radially extending flanges which contact and rest on a top surface of the holder body, supporting the insert element within a chamber.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the flanges position the insert element within a chamber such that it does not contact a side wall or base of the chamber.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each insert element is configured to support a cell scaffold element comprising a porous lower surface membrane, wherein the average diameter of the pores is 8 μm-150 μm.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the apparatus permits bi-directional fluid flow via the pores of each insert element.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the drive element is configured to rock the holder body at a speed of approximately 1 minute-20 minutes per complete rocking motion.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
(a) the holder body comprises at least six pairs of adjacent chambers;
(b) the holder body further comprises an outer perimeter wall element, wherein the outer perimeter wall element comprises an inwardly stepped portion configured to allow a plurality of holder bodies to be vertically stacked;
(c) the apparatus further comprises a lid element which is removably positionable over the holder body, the lid element providing a substantially planar cover extending over the plurality of chambers; or
(d) the pairs of adjacent chambers are arranged in rows and columns in a respective orthogonal relationship within the holder body.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein each respective chamber of the plurality of chambers has a depth of 16 mm-19 mm.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
each insert element further comprises a lower surface; and the lower surface of each insert element is positioned such that there is a space defined between the lower surface of each insert element and the base element of the chamber into which each inset element is disposed.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is configured to enable bi-directional fluid flow between the first chamber and the second chamber at a rate of between about 15 to about 20 μl per second.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one drive element is configured to enable bi-directional fluid flow between the first chamber and the second chamber at a rate of between about 15 to about 20 μl per second.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each channel is a through passageway configured to provide a fluid communication pathway between the interior of the first chamber and the interior of the second chamber.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the width of each channel is 1.5 mm-3.5 mm.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the height of each channel extends between a top surface of the holder body and the first and second base elements.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of insert elements are configured for cell or tissue culture.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of chambers are arranged in rows and columns in a respective orthogonal relationship within the holder body.
20. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the holder body support comprises a pivot element about which the holder body is rocked.
21. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a platform element supported by the holder body support, said platform element being configured to retain the holder body in a fixed location during rocking.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the platform element is configured to retain a plurality of holder bodies, each in a fixed location during rocking.
23. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the platform element comprises a first end region and a further end region spaced apart from the first end region, and wherein the linear actuator is located at either the first end region or the further end region.
24. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one drive element comprises a linear actuator.
25. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the holder body support is composed of an autoclavable material.
26. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the bi-directional fluid flow is from the interior of the first chamber to the interior of the second chamber and back again.
27. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first chamber is arranged towards a first spaced apart end and the second chamber is arranged further towards a second spaced apart end relative to the first chamber.
28. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the only one channel of each pair of adjacent chambers is arranged in a direction perpendicular to a fulcrum of the apparatus.