IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,210,185
Granted Patent B2
US 12,210,185 · App. 18/118,011 · Granted Jan 28, 2025

Wavelength division multiplexers for space division multiplexing (SDM-WDM devices)

Inventors: Victor Il'ich Kopp (Fair Lawn, NJ); Jongchul Park (Lake Hiawatha, NJ); Jing Zhang (Union, NJ); Daniel Neugroschl (Suffern, NY)
Assignee: Chiral Photonics, Inc.
G02B6/02042G02B6/1228H04J14/0208H04J14/021H04J14/0215
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,210,185
App. No.
18/118,011
Granted
Jan 28, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Wavelength division multiplexers for space division multiplexing can include wavelength division multiplexing fanout devices or pump-signal combiners for multicore fibers.

Claims (32)

1. An optical coupler array for optical coupling of a plurality of optical fibers carrying light at least at two wavelengths W-1 and W-2 to an optical device, comprising:

an elongated optical element having a first end operable to optically couple with said plurality of optical fibers and a second end operable to optically couple with said optical device,

and comprising:

a common single coupler housing structure;

a coupling section;

a plurality of longitudinal waveguides, including at least one first waveguide and at least one second waveguide, each of said plurality of longitudinal waveguides being positioned at a spacing from one another, each having a capacity for at least one optical mode of a mode field profile, and a corresponding propagation constant, and each being embedded in said common single housing structure, wherein at least one of said plurality of longitudinal waveguides is a vanishing core waveguide, each said vanishing core waveguide comprising:

an inner vanishing core, having a first refractive index (N-1), and having a first inner core size (ICS-1) at said first end, and a second inner core size (ICS-2) at said second end;

an outer core, longitudinally surrounding said inner core, having a second refractive index (N-2), and having a first outer core size (OCS-1) at said first end, and a second outer core size (OCS-2) at said second end, and

an outer cladding, longitudinally surrounding said outer core, having a third refractive index (N-3), a first cladding size at said first end, and a second cladding size at said second end; and

wherein said common single coupler housing structure comprises a medium having a fourth refractive index (N-4) surrounding said plural longitudinal waveguides, wherein a relative magnitude relationship between said first, second, third and fourth refractive indices (N-1, N-2, N-3, and N-4, respectively), comprises the following magnitude relationship: (N-1>N-2>N-3), wherein a total volume of said medium of said common single coupler housing structure is greater than a total volume of all said vanishing core waveguides inner cores and said outer cores confined within said common single coupler housing structure, and wherein said first inner vanishing core size (ICS-1), said first outer core size (OCS-1), and said spacing between said plurality of longitudinal waveguides, are simultaneously and gradually modified, in accordance with a profile, between said first end and said second end along said optical element, until said second inner vanishing core size (ICS-2) and said second outer core size (OCS-2) are reached, wherein said second inner vanishing core size (ICS-2) is selected to be insufficient to guide light therethrough, and said second outer core size (OCS-2) is selected to be sufficient to guide at least one optical mode, such that:

light traveling from said first end to said second end escapes from said inner vanishing core into said corresponding outer core proximally to said second end, light traveling from said second end to said first end moves from said outer core into said corresponding inner vanishing core proximally to said first end,

and wherein, in said coupling section located proximal to said second end, at least one said vanishing core waveguide is in coupling distance to another said longitudinal waveguide, said coupling distance and length of said coupling section are configured to couple light at least at wavelength W-1 of at least one core mode of said at least one said vanishing core waveguide with at least one core mode of another said longitudinal waveguide while continuing the propagation of the light at said wavelength W-2 in said another longitudinal waveguide.

2. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein proximal to said second end, the light at least at wavelength W-1 and the light at said wavelength W-2 couple into the same mode of said another longitudinal waveguide.

3. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein said first inner vanishing core size (ICS-1), said first outer core size (OCS-1), and said spacing between said plurality of longitudinal waveguides are simultaneously and gradually reduced between said first end and said second end along said optical element to said coupling section, and simultaneously and gradually increased from said coupling section to said second end until said second inner vanishing core size (ICS-2) and said second outer core size (OCS-2) are reached.

4. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein said first inner vanishing core size (ICS-1), said first outer core size (OCS-1), and said spacing between said plurality of longitudinal waveguides are simultaneously and gradually reduced between said first end and said second end along said optical element, until said second inner vanishing core size (ICS-2) and said second outer core size (OCS-2) are reached.

5. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein one of the wavelengths W-1 and W-2 is signal light and the other of the wavelengths W-1 and W-2 is pump light.

6. The optical coupler array of claim 5 , wherein the signal light is 1550 nm and the pump light is 980 nm.

7. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein one of the wavelengths W-1 and W-2 is signal light and the other of the wavelengths W-1 and W-2 is another signal light.

8. The optical coupler array of claim 7 , wherein the signal light is 1550 nm and the another signal light is 1310 nm.

9. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , further comprising an access region configured to provide access to at least one of said plurality of waveguides between said first and second ends.

10. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein said coupling section is substantially straight.

11. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein said coupling section has a neck.

12. The optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of longitudinal waveguides includes at least one waveguide configured to not couple light with another of said plurality of longitudinal waveguides in the optical coupler array.

13. A multicore fiber-wavelength division multiplexer (MCF-WDM), comprising:

a WDM-fanout device comprising the optical coupler array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of longitudinal waveguides are a first plurality of longitudinal waveguides, wherein the WDM-fanout device is configured to combine the light at the wavelength W-1 and the light at the wavelength W-2 into a core of a multicore fiber; and

a non-WDM fanout device optically coupled with the WDM-fanout device, the non-WDM fanout device comprising a second plurality of longitudinal waveguides, wherein each waveguide of the second plurality of longitudinal waveguides is configured to not couple light with another waveguide of said second plurality of longitudinal waveguides in the non-WDM fanout device.

14. The MCF-WDM of claim 13 , wherein the first plurality of longitudinal waveguides includes at least one waveguide configured to not couple light with another of said first plurality of longitudinal waveguides in the WDM-fanout device.

15. The MCF-WDM of claim 13 , further comprising one or more isolators, gain flattening filters, couplers, attenuators, and/or fiber Bragg gratings.

16. An amplifier, comprising two of said MCF-WDMs of claim 13 and a gain medium therebeteween.

17. The amplifier of claim 16 , wherein said gain medium is an active MCF, said active MCF has at least one pair of nearest-neighbor cores and at least two pairs of next-nearest-neighbor cores, wherein said next-nearest-neighbor cores transmit light in a same direction and said nearest-neighbor cores transmit light in the opposite direction, and wherein one of the two of said MCF-WDMs couples pump light into at least one pair of the at least two pairs of next-nearest-neighbor cores at one end of said active MCF, and a second of the two of said MCF-WDMs couples pump light into another pair of the at least two pairs of next-nearest-neighbor cores at the other end of said active MCF.

18. The amplifier of claim 16 , wherein the gain medium is an Erbium-doped fiber.

19. The amplifier of claim 16 , further comprising a monitoring channel.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded May 5, 2023
From: KOPP, VICTOR IL'ICH; PARK, JONGCHUL; ZHANG, JING; NEUGROSCHL, DANIEL
To: CHIRAL PHOTONICS, INC.
Reel/Frame 063556/0627 →
Continuity (7)
Continuation In Part 17183136 · Feb 23, 2021
Provisional Application 63488421 · Mar 3, 2023
Provisional Application 63424812 · Nov 11, 2022
Provisional Application 63416859 · Oct 17, 2022
Provisional Application 63001814 · Mar 30, 2020
Provisional Application 62980884 · Feb 24, 2020
Related Publication 20230208546A1 · Jun 29, 2023
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WO WO2018227008A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020068695A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020077285A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020210288 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2021076752A1 · 2021 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2022170205A1 · 2022 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2024086536A1 · 2024 [cited by applicant]
A. Z. Genack, V. I. Kopp, V. M. Churikov, J. Singer, N. Chao, and D. Neugroschl, “Chiral fiber Bragg gratings”, Proceedings of SPIE 5508, 57, pp. 1-8 (2004). [cited by applicant]
A. Z. Genack, V. I. Kopp, V. M. Churikov, J. Singer, N. Chao, and D. Neugroschl, “From planar to fiber chiral gratings”, (Invited Paper), Proceedings of SPIE 5741, 90-97 (2005). [cited by applicant]
B.G. Lee, F.E.Doany, S. Assefa, W.M.J. Green, M. Yang, C.L. Schow, C.V. Jahnes, S. Zhang, J. Singer, V.I. Kopp, J.A. Kash, and Y.A. Vlasov, “20-um-Pitch Eight-Channel Monolithic Fiber Array Coupling 160 GB/s/Channel to … [cited by applicant]
Bin Huang et al., “All-fiber mode-group-selective photonic lantern using graded-index multimode fibers”, Optics Express, Optical Society of America, pp. 224-234 (2015). [cited by applicant]
C. R. Doerr, L. Zhang, P. J. Winzer, “Monolithic InP Multi-Wavelength Coherent Receiver”, Proc. OFC, paper PDPB1, Optical Society of America, pp. 1-3, (2010). [cited by applicant]
C.R. Doerr, L. Zhang, L. Buhl, V.I. Kopp, D. Neugroschl, and G. Weiner, “Tapered Dual-Core Fiber for Efficient and Robust Coupling to InP Photonic Integrated Circuits”, Proc. OFC, Optical Society of America, pp. 1-3 (20… [cited by applicant]
D. Neugroschl, J. Park, M. Wlodawski, J. Singer, and V.I. Kopp, “High-efficiency (6+1)x1 combiner for high power fiber lasers and amplifiers”, Proc. SPIE 8601, Fiber Lasers X: Technology, Systems, and Applications, 8601… [cited by applicant]
D. Neugroschl, V.I. Kopp, J. Singer, and G. Zhang, “Vanishing-core tapered coupler for interconnect applications”, Proceedings of SPIE 7221, 72210G, pp. 1-8 (2009). [cited by applicant]
F.E. Doany, B.G. Lee, S.Assefa, W.M.J. Green, M. Yang, C.L. Schow, C.V. Jahnes, S. Zhang, J. Singer, V.I. Kopp, J.A. Kash, and Y.A. Vlasov, “Multichannel High-Bandwidth Coupling of Ultra-Dense Silicon Photonic Waveguide… [cited by applicant]
G. Shvets, S. Trendafilov, V.I. Kopp, D. Neugroschl, and A.Z. Genack, “Polarization properties of chiral fiber gratings”, J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11, 074007, pp. 1-10 (2009). [cited by applicant]
H. Henschel, S.K. Hoeffgen, J. Kuhnhenn and U. Weinand, “High Radiation Sensitivity of Chiral Long Period Gratings”, IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science, 57, 5, 2915-2922 (2010). [cited by applicant]
J. Park, M.S. Wlodawski, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl, A.Z. Genack, V.I. Kopp, “Temperature and Pressure Sensors Based on Chiral Fibers”, Proc. of SPIE 8370, 837008, pp. 1-8 (2012). [cited by applicant]
M. Wlodawski, V.I. Kopp, J. Park, J. Singer, E. Hubner, D. Neugroschl, N. Chao, and A.Z. Genack, “A new generation of ultra-dense optical I/O for silicon photonics,” Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Opt… [cited by applicant]
Monica L. Minden, “Passive Coherent Combining of Fiber Oscillators”, Fiber Lasers IV: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Proc. Of SPIE vol. 6453, 64530P, pp. 1-8- (2007). [cited by applicant]
N.K. Fontaine, “Photonic Lantern Spatial Multiplexers in Space-Division Multiplexing”, IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series, Jul. 8, 2013, pp. 97-98. [cited by applicant]
P. De Heyn, V.I. Kopp, S. A. Srinivasan, P. Verheyen, J. Park, M.S. Wlodawski, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl, B. Snyder, S. Balakrishnan, G. Lepage, M. Pantouvaki, P. Absil, and J. Van Campenhout, “Ultra-dense 16x56Gb/s NRZ … [cited by applicant]
P. Liao, M. Sakib, F. Lou, J. Park, M. Wlodawski, V.I. Kopp, D. Neugroschl, and O. Liboiron-Ladouceur, “Ultradense Silicon Photonic Interface for Optical Interconnection,” in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 27, … [cited by applicant]
P.V. Shibaev, K. Tang, A.Z. Genack, V. Kopp, and M. M. Green, “Lasing from a stiff chain polymeric lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal”, Macromolecules 35(8), 3022-3025 (2002). [cited by applicant]
P.V. Shibaev, V.I. Kopp, and A.Z. Genack, “Photonic materials based on mixtures of cholesteric liquid crystals with polymers”, J. Phys. Chem. B. 107, 6961-6964 (2003). [cited by applicant]
S. Guillemet, D. Kinet, A. Bertrand, Y. Hernandez, and D. Giannone, “Experimental study and comparison of three innovative high power CW polarised all-in-fibre laser designs”, IEEE Photonics Benelux Chapter, 141-144 (20… [cited by applicant]
S. Guillemet, D. Kinet, A. Bertrand, Y. Hernandez, and D. Giannone, “High Power All-In-Fibre Linearly Polarized Laser Using Chiral Grating-Based Polarizer”, 4th EPS-QEOD Europhoton Conference, 1 page (2010). [cited by applicant]
S. Mitani, K. Nigo, S. Karasawa, H. Endo, and T. Takahata, “Interferometric multi-core fiber optic gyroscope under temperature changing environment”, International Conference on Space Optics, Proc. of SPIE 11180, 111805… [cited by applicant]
S. Zhang, V.I. Kopp, V. Churikov, and G. Zhang, “PANDA-based chiral in-fiber polarizer”, Proceedings of SPIE 7212, 72120D, pp. 1-8 (2009). [cited by applicant]
T. J. Seok, V. Kopp, D. Neugroschl, J. Henriksson, J. Luo, and M. C. Wu, “High density optical packaging of high radix silicon photonic switches,” 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC), Los A… [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp and A. Z. Genack, “Chiral fibers”, Chapter 12 in Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook edited by Alexis Mendez and T. F. Morse. Academic Press, 401-427 (2007). [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp and A. Z. Genack, “Density of states and lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals”, Proceedings of SPIE 3623, 71-79 (1999). [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, A. Z. Genack, V. M. Churikov, Jonathan Singer and Norman Chao, “Chiral Fiber Gratings Polarize Light”, Photonics Spectra 38, 78-79 (2004). [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, J. Park, M. S. Wlodawski, E. Hubner, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl, and A. Z. Genack, “Vanishing Core Optical Waveguides for Coupling, Amplification, Sensing, and Polarization Control,” in Advanced Photonics, OSA… [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, J. Park, M. Wlodawski, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl and A. Z. Genack, “Chiral Fibers: Microformed Optical Waveguides for Polarization Control, Sensing, Coupling, Amplification, and Switching,” in Journal of Ligh… [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, J. Park, M. Wlodawski, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl and A. Z. Genack, “Pitch Reducing Optical Fiber Array and multicore fiber for space-division multiplexing,” 2013 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting … [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, J. Park, M. Wlodawski, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl and A. Z. Genack, “Pitch Reducing Optical Fiber Array for dense optical interconnect,” IEEE Avionics, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Digest CD, Cocoa Beach, FL, 20… [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, P. V. Shibaev, R. Bose, and A. Z. Genack, “Anisotropic photonic-bandgap structures”, Proceedings of SPIE 4655, 141-149 (2002). [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, V. M. Churikov, and A. Z. Genack, “Chiral Fiber Gratings Sense the Environment”, Laser Focus World, 76-79 (2008). [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, V. M. Churikov, and A. Z. Genack, “Synchronization of optical polarization conversion and scattering in chiral fibers”, Optics Letters 31(5), 571-573 (2006). [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, V. M. Churikov, G. Zhang, J. Singer, C. W. Draper, N. Chao, D. Neugroschl, and A.Z. Genack, “Chiral fiber gratings: perspectives and challenges for sensing applications”, (Invited Paper), Proceedings of SPIE… [cited by applicant]
V. I. Kopp, V. M. Churikov, G. Zhang, J. Singer, C. W. Draper, N. Chao, D. Neugroschl, and A.Z. Genack, “Single- and double-helix chiral fiber sensors”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24(10), A48-A52 (2007). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp and A.Z. Genack, “Chiral Fibres: Adding Twist”, Nature Photonics 5, 470-472 (2011). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp and A.Z. Genack, “Double-helix chiral fibers”, Optics Letters 28(20), 1876-1878 (2003). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp and A.Z. Genack, “Lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in cholesteric liquid crystals”, IEEE LEOS 13, No. 2, 8-10 (1999). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp and A.Z. Genack, “Twist defect in chiral photonic structures”, Physical Review Letters 89(3), 033901, pp. 1-4 (2002). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, B.Fan, H.K.M. Vithana, and A.Z. Genack, “Low-threshold lasing at the edge of a photonic stop band in cholesteric liquid crystals”, Optics Letters 23(21), 1707-1709 (1998). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, G. Zhang, S. Zhang, A.Z. Genack, and D. Neugroschl, “Chiral fiber optical isolator”, Proceedings of SPIE 7195, 71950B, pp. 1-8 (2009). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, J. Park, M. Wlodawski, E. Hubner, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl, A. Z. Genack, P. Dumon, J. Van Campenhout, and P. Absil, “Two-Dimensional, 37-Channel, High-Bandwidth, Ultra-Dense Silicon Photonics Optical Interfa… [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, J. Park, M. Wlodawski, J. Singer, and D. Neugroschl, “Polarization maintaining, high-power and high-efficiency (6+1)x1 pump/signal combiner”, Proc. SPIE 8961, Fiber Lasers XI: Technology, Systems, and Applica… [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, J. Park, M.S. Wlodawski, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl, P. de Heyn, B. Snyder, J. Van Campenhout, and P. Absil, “Flexible, Multi-channel, Ultra-dense Optical Interface for Silicon Photonics,” ECOC 2016; 42nd Europ… [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl, and A.Z. Genack, “Chiral fiber sensors for harsh environments”, Proc. SPIE 8028, Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications VIII, 802803, pp. 1-8 (2011). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, R. Bose, and A.Z. Genack, “Transmission through chiral twist defects in anisotropic periodic structures”, Optics Letters 28(5), 349-351 (2003). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, V.M. Churikov, J. Singer, D. Neugroschl, and A.Z. Genack, “Chiral fiber sensors,” Proc. SPIE 7677, Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications VII, 76770U, pp. 1-6 (2010). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, V.M. Churikov, J. Singer, N. Chao, D. Neugroschl, and A. Z. Genack, “Chiral fiber gratings”, Science 305, 74-75 (2004). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, Z.-Q. Zhang and A.Z. Genack, “Large coherence area thin-film photonic stop-band lasers”, Physical Review Letters 86(9), 1753-1756 (2001). [cited by applicant]
V.I. Kopp, Z.-Q. Zhang and A.Z. Genack, “Lasing in chiral photonic structures”, Progress in Quantum Electronics 27, 369-416 (2003). [cited by applicant]
V.M. Churikov, V.I. Kopp, A.Z. Genack, “Dual-twist fiber long period gratings”, Proceedings of SPIE 7212, 72120H, pp. 1-9 (2009). [cited by applicant]
V.M. Churikov, V.I. Kopp, and A.Z. Genack, “Chiral diffraction gratings in twisted microstructured fibers”, Opt. Lett. 35(3), 342-344 (2010). [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2023/076999 dated Feb. 14, 2024; 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., “A 16-channel fiber array-coupled superconducting single-photon detector array with average system detection efficiency over 60% at telecom wavelength,” arxiv.org, Jan. 31, 2021, 8 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bergano et al., “Submerged plant equipment,” Chapter 12, Undersea Fiber Communication Systems, Elsevier Ltd., 2016, pp. 422-464. [cited by applicant]