Blood treatment systems and methods
Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and/or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and/or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and/or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.
1. A system for cleaning a fluid flowpath connected to a pair of diaphragm pumps comprising:
a first and a second diaphragm pump, each pump comprising a pumping chamber separated from an actuation chamber by a flexible diaphragm;
each pump actuation chamber selectively connectable by action of a controller to a source of positive or negative pressure;
a first fluid flowpath connecting an inlet of the first pump through a first inlet valve with an inlet of the second pump through a second inlet valve, and a second fluid flowpath connecting an outlet of the first pump through a first outlet valve with an outlet of the second pump through a second outlet valve;
the inlet and outlet valves each comprising a valve selectively connectable by action of the controller to the source of positive or negative pressure;
wherein the controller is configured to direct an application of negative pressure to the diaphragm of the first pump when emptied of fluid and an application of positive pressure to the diaphragm of the second pump when filled with fluid while the first and second inlet valves are open and the first and second outlet valves are closed to clean the first fluid flowpath OR while the first and second inlet valves are closed and the first and second outlet valves are open to clean the second fluid flowpath.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to subsequently direct application of negative pressure to the diaphragm of the second pump when emptied of fluid and then application of positive pressure to the diaphragm of the first pump when filled with fluid to reverse the flow of the fluid between the first and second pumps.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to alternate the application of positive and negative pressure to the diaphragms of the first and second pumps in order to move the fluid back and forth between the first and second pumps.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to apply negative pressure to the diaphragm of the first pump and positive pressure to the diaphragm of the second pump while the first and second inlet valves and the first and second outlet valves are closed and to subsequently open the first and second inlet valves to clean the first fluid flowpath or subsequently open the first and second outlet valves to clean the second fluid flowpath.
5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller is configured to apply positive pressure to the diaphragm of the first pump and negative pressure to the diaphragm of the second pump while the first and second inlet valves and the first and second outlet valves are closed and to subsequently open either the first and second inlet valves to clean the first fluid flowpath or the first and second outlet valves to clean the second fluid flowpath.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is configured to alternate the application of positive and negative pressure to the diaphragms of the first and second pumps in order to move the fluid back and forth between the first and second pumps.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second fluid flowpath is connected to a dialyzer blood inlet of a dialysis unit, and a dialyzer blood outlet is connected to a venous line that is connectable to a drain after passing an occluder; and wherein the controller is configured to close the occluder when the first and second outlet valves of the first and second pumps are open to allow fluid flow in the second fluid flowpath between the first and second pumps.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein a dialysate inlet and a dialysate outlet of a dialyzer are connected to a fluid balancing circuit via a plurality of dialysate-side valves, and wherein the controller is configured to close the dialysate-side valves when the first and second outlet valves of the first and second pumps are open.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid flowpath is connected to an arterial line that is connectable to a drain after passing an occluder; and wherein the controller is configured to close the occluder when the first and second inlet valves of the first and second pump are open to allow fluid flow in the first fluid flowpath between the first and second pumps.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured to:
empty the fluid-filled first or second pump to drain by closing the outlet valve of the fluid-filled first or second pump, opening the inlet valve of the fluid-filled first or second pump, closing the inlet valve of the correspondingly emptied second or first pump, and opening the occluder of the arterial line.
11. The system of claim 8 , wherein the controller is configured to provide the fluid to the first or second pump by opening one of the plurality of dialysate-side valves connected to the fluid balancing circuit, opening the outlet valve of the first or second pump and applying negative pressure to the diaphragm of the first or second pump designated by the controller to receive the fluid.
12. The system of claim 7 , wherein the venous line is connectable to the drain via a drain valve, the first fluid flowpath is connected to an arterial line that is connectable to the drain via the drain valve, and the venous line is connectable to the arterial line via an arterial-venous valve; and wherein the controller is configured to close the drain valve, open the arterial-venous valve, and:
(a) open the outlet valve and close the inlet valve of the first or second fluid-filled pump, close the outlet valve of the second or first emptied pump, open the inlet valve of the second or first emptied pump, and apply positive pressure to the first or second fluid-filled pump and simultaneously apply negative pressure to the second or first emptied pump; or
(b) open the inlet valve and close the outlet valve of the first or second fluid-filled pump, close the inlet valve of the second or first emptied pump, and apply positive pressure to the first or second fluid-filled pump and simultaneously apply negative pressure to the second or first emptied pump.
13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to open the first and second inlet valves and close the first and second outlet valves, and then apply negative pressure to the diaphragm of the first pump while the first and second inlet valves are open and then later apply positive pressure to the diaphragm of the second pump while the first and second inlet valves are open and the first and second outlet valves are closed to clean the first fluid flowpath.
14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to close the first and second inlet valves and open the first and second outlet valves, and then apply negative pressure to the diaphragm of the first pump while the first and second outlet valves are open and then later apply positive pressure to the diaphragm of the second pump while the first and second outlet valves are open and the first and second outlet valves are closed to clean the second fluid flowpath.
15. The system of claim 7 , wherein the controller is configured to empty the fluid-filled first or second pump to drain by closing the inlet valve of the fluid-filled first or second pump, opening the outlet valve of the fluid-filled first or second pump, closing the outlet valve of the correspondingly emptied second or first pump, and opening the occluder of the venous line.