Powder metallurgy sputtering targets and methods of producing same
The present invention relates to sputtering targets and other metal articles as well as methods of making the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods for forming powder metallurgy sputtering targets and other metallurgical articles made from metal powders that include spherical metal powders, and the resulting product.
1. A method for forming a powder metallurgy article, comprising:
consolidating a metal powder that includes a spherical metal powder into a consolidated body by a powder metallurgy technique to form a metallurgical article; and
optionally heating treating said consolidated body; wherein said spherical metal powder is i) tantalum or ii) an alloy of tantalum wherein tantalum is the predominate metal present, and said spherical metal powder has the following properties:
a. a spherical shape wherein the powder has an average aspect ratio of from 1.0 to 1.4;
b. a purity of metal of at least 99 wt % metal based on total weight of said metal powder, excluding gas impurities;
c. an average particle size of from about 0.5 micron to about 250 microns;
d. an apparent density from about 4 g/cc to about 12.6 g/cc;
e. a true density of 16.6 g/cc+−3%; and
f. a Hall flow rate of 20 sec or less.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heat treating is utilized.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said heat treating is one or more sintering steps or one or more annealing steps.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consolidated body is a sputtering target.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting said consolidated body to one or more mechanical or thermo-mechanical processing steps.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method is conducted in the absence of any mechanical or thermo-mechanical processing step.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal powder has an oxygen level of less than 350 ppm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal powder has an oxygen level of less than 200 ppm.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average aspect ratio is from 1.0 to 1.25.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average aspect ratio is from 1.0 to 1.1.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said purity is at least 99.995 wt % metal.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average particle size is from about 0.5 micron to about 10 microns, or from about 5 microns to about 25 microns or from about 15 microns to about 45 microns or from about 35 microns to about 75 microns or from about 55 microns to about 150 microns or from about 105 microns to about 250 microns.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal powder has at least one of the following properties:
a. a D10 size of from about 5 microns to 25 microns; or
b. a D90 size of from about 20 microns to 80 microns.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal powder further comprises non-spherical metal powder that is tantalum or a tantalum alloy.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said metal powder comprises from 75% to 99% by weight of said spherical metal powder and from 1% to 25% by weight of said non-spherical metal powder.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said spherical metal powder comprises at least two different size fractions based on average particle size.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said spherical metal powder comprises a first size fraction having an average particle size from about 10 microns to about 25 microns, and a second size fraction of from about 26 microns to about 45 microns.
18. The method of claim 1 , said method further comprises:
a. plasma heat-treating a starting metal powder to at least partially melt at least an outer surface of said starting metal powder in an inert atmosphere to obtain a heat-treated metal powder, and
b. cooling said heat-treated metal powder in an inert atmosphere to obtain said metal powder.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said starting metal powder is tantalum powder.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal powder has an oxygen content of 500 ppm or less and has a nitrogen content of at least about 40 ppm.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein said consolidating comprises compressing said metal powder to from about 80 to about 100% of theoretical density with compressive forces of from about 30,000 to about 90,000 psi.