Spherical tantalum powder, products containing the same, and methods of making the same
Tantalum powder that is highly spherical is described. The tantalum powder can be useful in additive manufacturing and other uses. Methods to make the tantalum powder are further described as well as methods to utilize the tantalum powder in additive manufacturing processes. Resulting products and articles using the tantalum powder are further described.
1. A method for forming an article or a part thereof, said method comprising additive manufacturing said article or said part thereof by utilizing a powder that is a tantalum powder to form the shape of said article or said part thereof, wherein the powder comprises at least the following properties:
a. a spherical shape wherein the powder has an average aspect ratio of from 1.0 to 1.25;
b. a purity of tantalum of at least 99.99 wt % Ta based on total weight of tantalum present in the powder, excluding gas impurities;
c. an average particle size of from about 0.5 micron to about 250 microns;
d. an apparent density from about 4 g/cc to about 12.3 g/cc;
e. a true density of from 16 g/cc to 16.6 g/cc; and
f. a Hall flow rate of 20 sec or less,
and wherein one or more of the following properties is achieved in forming said article or said part thereof: a) ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is at least 50% greater than wrought Ta of the same shape, b) the UTS is over 50 KSI, c) a Yield Stress that is at least 50% greater than wrought Ta of the same shape, d) the Yield Stress is over 35 KSI, e) an elongation from about 1% to about 50%.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said powder has an oxygen level of less than 100 ppm.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said powder has an oxygen level of from 20 ppm to 100 ppm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said powder wherein said average aspect ratio is from 1.0 to 1.05.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder is tantalum powder having a purity of at least 99.9995 wt % Ta.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average particle size is from about 0.5 micron to about 10 microns.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average particle size is from about 5 microns to about 25 microns.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average particle size is from about 15 microns to about 45 microns.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average particle size is from about 35 microns to about 75 microns.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average particle size is from about 55 microns to about 150 microns.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said average particle size is from about 105 microns to about 250 microns.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tantalum powder has at least one of the following properties:
a. a D10 size of from about 5 microns to 25 microns;
b. a D90 size of from about 20 microns to 80 microns.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said additive manufacturing comprises laser powder bed fusion.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said additive manufacturing comprises electron beam powder bed fusion.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said additive manufacturing comprises directed energy deposition.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said additive manufacturing comprises laser cladding via a powder or wire.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said additive manufacturing comprises material jetting.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said additive manufacturing comprises sheet lamination.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said additive manufacturing comprises vat photopolymerization.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is a medical or dental implant.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is an orthopedic implant for a replacement of a hand, ankle, shoulder, hip, knee, bone, total joint reconstruction (arthroplasty), cranial facial reconstruction, or spinal.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is a dental implant for facial reconstruction that is a mandible or maxilla.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is a medical marker.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the article is a surgical tool or said part thereof, an augment, or an aerospace part.
25. The method of claim 1 , where the additive manufacturing comprises laser metal deposition (LMD), gas-metal arc welding, plasma welding, cold spraying, metal injection molding, plasma additive manufacturing, thermal spraying, electron beam melting, or a powder bed fusion process using an electron beam in a vacuum.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive manufacturing utilizes a device having one or more of the following settings: a laser power of from 150 W to about 175 W; a scan speed of from about 100 mm/s to about 500 mm/s; hatch spacing of from about 30 microns to about 100 microns; a layer thickness of from about 10 microns to about 50 microns; and/or an energy density of from about 3 J/mm 2 to about 20 J/mm 2 .
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive manufacturing includes utilizing a baseplate.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the baseplate is a tantalum baseplate, a titanium alloy baseplate, a stainless steel baseplate, or a stainless steel alloy baseplate.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises annealing the article.
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises annealing the article at a temperature of from about 800 deg C. to about 2,000 deg C. for 10 mins to 10 hours.
31. The method of claim 1 , wherein all of the properties a)-d) are achieved.
32. The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder has an oxygen content of from about 20 ppm to 200 ppm, an oxygen (in ppm) to BET (in m 2 /g) ratio of from about 2,000 to about 4,000, a carbon content of from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, a nitrogen content of from about 5 ppm to 5,000 ppm, a hydrogen content of from about 1 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, an iron content of from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, a nickel content of from about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, a chromium content of from about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, a sodium content of from about 0.1 ppm to about 50 ppm, a potassium content of from about 0.1 ppm to about 100 ppm, a magnesium content of from about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, a phosphorus (P) content of from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, and a fluoride (F) content of from about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm.
33. The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder has a particle size distribution (based on overall %) as follows, based on mesh size:
+60 # of from about 0.0 to about 0.5%,
60/170 of from about 45% to about 70%,
170/325 of from about 20% to about 50%,
325/400 of from about 1.0% to about 10%, and
−400 of from about 0.1 to about 2.0%.
34. A method for forming an article or a part thereof, said method comprising additive manufacturing said article or said part thereof by utilizing a powder that is a tantalum alloy powder to form the shape of said article or said part thereof, wherein the powder comprises at least the following properties:
a. a spherical shape wherein the powder has an average aspect ratio of from 1.0 to 1.25;
b. an average particle size of from about 0.5 micron to about 250 microns;
c. an apparent density from about 4 g/cc to about 12.3 g/cc; and
d. a Hall flow rate of 20 sec or less.
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the tantalum alloy powder contains a) at least tantalum metal and b) i) one or more other metals and/or ii) non-metal elements and/or iii) metalloid elements.
36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the one or more other metals and/or the non-metal elements and/or the metalloid elements is Ti, Nb, Si, W, Mo, Re, Rh, V, Th, Zr, Hf, Cr, Mn, Sc, Y, C, B, Ni, Fe, Co, Al, Sn, Au, Th, U, Pu, and/or rare earth element(s).
37. The method of claim 34 , wherein the tantalum alloy powder is a Ta—Ti alloy or a Ta—Si alloy or Ta—W alloy or Ta—Mo alloy or Ta—Nb alloy.
38. The method of claim 35 , wherein tantalum is the metal present in the highest percent based on the weight of the tantalum alloy powder, as compared to the one or more other metals.