Process for preparing random butadiene-isoprene copolymers having a high content of cis-1,4 units
Process for preparing a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units comprising copolymerizing butadiene and isoprene, in the presence of at least one organic solvent, and a catalytic system prepared in situ comprising: (a 1 ) at least one neodymium carboxy late soluble in said organic solvent, containing a variable amount of water, the H2O/Nd molar ratio being between 0.001/1 and 0.50/1: (a 2 ) at least one aluminum alkyl compound: (a 3 ) at least one aluminum alkyl compound containing at least one halogen atom. The random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1.4 units obtained from the abovementioned process may be advantageously used in a number of applications ranging from the modification of plastics [for example, obtainment of high impact polystyrene (HIPS)], to the production of tires, in particular the production of tire treads and/or of tire sidewalls.
1. A process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units comprising copolymerizing butadiene and isoprene in the presence of at least one organic solvent and of a catalytic system prepared in situ comprising:
(a 1 ) at least one neodymium carboxylate which is soluble in the organic solvent, containing a variable amount of water, the H 2 O/Nd molar ratio being between 0.001/1 and 0.50/1;
(a 2 ) at least one aluminum alkyl compound; and
(a 3 ) at least one aluminum alkyl compound containing at least one halogen atom,
wherein the molar ratio between the halogen present in the at least one aluminum alkyl compound containing at least one halogen atom (a 3 ) and the neodymium carboxylate (a 1 ) is between 2.5/1 and 5.5/1,
wherein the aluminum alkyl compound containing at least one halogen atom (a 3 ) is used in such an amount that the molar ratio between the halogen present in the aluminum alky compound (a 3 ) and the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) is between 0.4 and 5, and
wherein the random butadiene-isoprene copolymer has a molecular weight distribution, indicated as a polydispersion index corresponding to the ratio between the weight average molecular weight (M w ) and the number average molecular weight (M n ) (i.e. the ratio M w /M n ) of between 2.0 and 3.2.
2. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the butadiene and the isoprene are present in a total amount (i.e. butadiene amount+isoprene amount) between 5% by weight and 40% by weight with respect to the total weight of the organic solvent.
3. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the organic solvent is selected from: saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of butane, n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, and mixtures thereof; saturated cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane, cyclopentane, and mixtures thereof; monoolefins selected from the group consisting of 1-butene, 2-butene, or mixtures thereof; halogenated hydrocarbons selected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, and chlorotoluene.
4. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the neodymium carboxylate (a 1 ) is neodymium versatate [Nd(versatate) 3 ].
5. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the neodymium carboxylate is used in an amount of between 0.1 mmoles to 10 mmoles per 1000 g of monomers (butadiene+isoprene) being polymerized.
6. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) is selected from compounds having general formula (I) or (II):
Al(R 1 ) 3 (I)
AlH(R 1 ) 2 (II)
in which R 1 represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkyl group.
7. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the alkyl aluminum compound containing at least one halogen atom (a 3 ) is selected from compounds having general formula (III):
AlXNR 2 3-n (III)
in which R 2 represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, X represents a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine.
8. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the molar ratio between the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) and the neodymium carboxylate (a 1 ) is between 1/1 and 30/1.
9. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the process is carried out:
at a temperature of between 20° C. and 150° C. and/or
at a pressure of between 1 bar and 10 bar.
10. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 2 , in which the butadiene and the isoprene are present in a total amount (i.e. butadiene amount+isoprene amount) between 10% by weight and 25% by weight with respect to the total weight of the organic solvent.
11. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is n-hexane.
12. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the neodymium carboxylate (a 1 ) is neodymium versatate [Nd(versatate) 3 ], wherein the neodymium versatate [Nd(versatate) 3 ] has a free versatic acid/Nd molar ratio of less than 2, wherein the neodymium carboxylate (a 1 ) is used in an amount of between 0.5 mmol and 5 mmol per 1000 g of monomers (butadiene+isoprene) being polymerized, wherein the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) is selected from compounds having general formula (I) or (II):
Al(R 1 ) 3 (I)
AlH(R 1 ) 2 (II)
in which R 1 represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, wherein the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) is selected from the group consisting of triethyl aluminum (TEA), tri-isobutyl aluminum, diethyl aluminum hydride, di-isobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAH), wherein the aluminum alkyl compound containing at least one halogen atom (a 3 ) is selected from compounds having general formula (III):
AlXnR 2 3-n (III)
wherein R 2 represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, wherein X is chlorine, wherein n is 1 or 2, wherein the aluminum alkyl compound containing at least one halogen atom (a 3 ) is diethyl aluminum chloride (DEAC) or ethyl aluminum sesquichloride (EASC), wherein the molar ratio between the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) and the neodymium carboxylate (a 1 ) is between 1/1 and 10/1, wherein the aluminum compound containing at least one halogen atom (a 3 ) is used in such an amount that the molar ratio between the halogen present in the aluminum alkyl compound (a 3 ) and the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) is between 0.5 and 2.0, in which the process is carried out:
at a temperature of between 40° C. and 120° C.; and/or
at a pressure of between 3 bar and 7 bar.
13. The process for the preparation of a random butadiene-isoprene copolymer having a high content of cis-1,4 units according to claim 1 , in which the neodymium carboxylate (a 1 ) is neodymium versatate [Nd(versatate) 3 ], wherein the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) is selected from compounds having general formula (I) or (II):
Al(R 1 ) 3 (I)
AlH(R 1 ) 2 (II)
wherein R 1 represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, wherein the aluminum alkyl compound (a 2 ) is di-isobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAH), in which the alkyl aluminum compound containing at least one halogen atom (a 3 ) is selected from compounds having general formula (III):
AlXnR 2 3-n (III)
wherein X is chlorine, R 2 represents a linear or branched C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, wherein n is 1 or 2, wherein the alkyl aluminum compound containing at least one halogen atom (a 3 ) is diethyl aluminum chloride (DEAC).