Apparatus and method for pipeline inspection using EMAT generated shear waves
A method and apparatus for detecting and classifying cracks in pipelines is disclosed. The method for detecting and classifying cracks comprises the steps of: emitting a first shear wave along a region of inspection, the first shear wave being polarized in a first direction; receiving the first shear wave; emitting a second shear wave along the region of inspection, the second shear wave being polarized in a second direction at a minimal angle of about 10° different from the first direction, preferably at an angle of about 30° or more; receiving the second shear wave; examining the anisotropy of the first and second received shear waves by comparing at least one wave property of said first and second received shear wave for detecting and classifying cracks in the region of inspection. Said apparatus as disclosed herein comprises emitting and receiving EMATs, and is configured to carry out said method.
1. A method for detecting and classifying cracks in a pipeline, the method comprising the steps of:
emitting a first shear wave along a region of inspection, the first shear wave being polarized in a first direction;
receiving the first shear wave;
emitting a second shear wave along the region of inspection, the second shear wave being polarized in a second direction at a minimal angle of about 10° different from the first direction;
receiving the second shear wave;
examining the anisotropy of the first and second received shear waves by comparing at least one wave property of said first and second received shear waves for detecting and classifying cracks in the region of inspection of the pipeline.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first shear wave is emitted using a first emitting electromagnetic acoustic transducer, wherein the first shear wave is received using a first receiving electromagnetic acoustic transducer, wherein the second shear wave is emitted using a second emitting electromagnetic acoustic transducer, and wherein the second shear wave is received using a second receiving electromagnetic acoustic transducer.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second emitted shear waves are emitted in a direction substantially orthogonal to an inner wall surface of the pipeline.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the first receiving electromagnetic acoustic transducer is the same electromagnetic acoustic transducer as the first emitting electromagnetic acoustic transducer and/or wherein the second receiving electromagnetic acoustic transducer is the same electromagnetic acoustic transducer as the second emitting electromagnetic acoustic transducer.
5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the first and second emitting electromagnetic acoustic transducer, and the first and second receiving electromagnetic acoustic transducer are all the same electromagnetic acoustic transducer, and wherein the electromagnetic acoustic transducer is configured to rotate after the first shear wave is received, and to subsequently emit the second shear wave.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first shear wave is emitted in an axial direction of the pipeline, and the second shear wave is emitted in a direction substantially circumferential to a wall of the pipeline.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first direction is substantially parallel to an axial direction of the pipeline, and wherein the second direction is substantially parallel to the circumferential direction of the pipeline.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of examining the anisotropy of the first and second received shear waves includes the computation of a wave attenuation anisotropy factor.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second emitted shear waves have a frequency between about 0.5 and 5 MHz.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second direction is substantially orthogonal to the first direction.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pipeline has a diameter of 8 cm to 1.5 m, and a wall thickness of 5 mm to 30 mm.
12. An apparatus for detecting and classifying cracks in a pipeline, the apparatus comprising:
a first emitting electromagnetic acoustic transducer for emitting a first shear wave along a region of inspection, the first shear wave being polarized in a first direction;
a first receiving electromagnetic acoustic transducer, for receiving the first shear wave;
a second emitting electromagnetic acoustic transducer, for emitting a second shear wave along the region of inspection, the second shear wave being polarized in a second direction at a minimal angle of about 10° different from the first direction;
a second receiving electromagnetic acoustic transducer, for receiving the second shear wave;
an on-board or off-board processor unit for processing data from the first and second receiving electromagnetic acoustic transducers, including examining the anisotropy of the first and second received shear waves by comparing at least one wave property of said first and second received shear wave for detecting and classifying cracks in the region of inspection.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the apparatus is adapted to carry out a method comprising the steps of:
emitting a first shear wave along a region of inspection, the first shear wave being polarized in a first direction;
receiving the first shear wave;
emitting a second shear wave along the region of inspection, the second shear wave being polarized in a second direction at a minimal angle of about 10° different from the first direction;
receiving the second shear wave;
examining the anisotropy of the first and second received shear waves by comparing at least one wave property of said first and second received shear waves for detecting and classifying cracks in the region of inspection of the pipeline.
14. A pipeline inspection tool comprising:
a pipeline vehicle;
a sensor module mountable on the pipeline vehicle, comprising at least one apparatus according to claim 12 ;
at least one power source unit, for supplying energy to at least the sensor module.
15. The pipeline inspection tool of claim 14 , wherein the pipeline inspection tool further comprises a speed control unit adapted to move the pipeline inspection tool in the pipeline along an axial direction of the pipeline, at a speed of about 0.1-4 meter per second.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the second emitted shear wave is polarized in a second direction at an angle of about 30° or more different from the first direction.
17. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the first and second emitted shear waves are applied for a period of 100 ns to 300 ns.
18. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the first and second emitted shear waves are applied with a pulse repetition at a frequency within 100 Hz to 2 kHz.
19. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the second emitted shear wave is polarized in a second direction at an angle of about 30° or more different from the first direction.