Synthesis and antimicrobial uses of dinuclear silver(I) pyrazolates
Novel dinuclear silver(I) pyrazolido complexes and methods of synthesizing them are provided. Advantageously, the novel silver(I) pyrazolido complexes have excellent antimicrobial activity and methods of using said complexes to treat bacterial, fungal, and viral infections are also provided.
1. A method of synthesizing a dinuclear silver (I) pyrazolido complex, the method comprising the steps of:
providing silver oxide (Ag 2 O) or AgL precursor; wherein AgL is selected from the group consisting of silver acetate, silver benzoate, silver trifluorosulfonate, silver nitrate, and silver chloride;
providing a pyrazole derivative, wherein the pyrazole derivative comprises independent substituents at R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, formyl, acetyl, halogen substituted alkyl, halogen substituted aryl, halogen substituted sulfuryl, imine-linked PTA, amine-linked PTA, imine-linked adamantane, amine-linked adamantine, imine-linked triphenylphosphine, and amine-linked triphenylphosphine;
reacting the pyrazole derivative with the silver oxide or silver precursor in equimolar ratios at ambient conditions to generate a polymer having a general formula of [Ag(pz*)] n , wherein pz* is a substituted pyrazolido anion; optionally, purifying said polymer; and
reacting the polymer with a phosphine selected from the group consisting of phosphaadamantane (PA), phenanthrene diphenylphosphine (PDPP), 8-((4-phosphino)phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (PMBODIPY), 8-((4-phosphino) phenyl)-4,4-diethyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (PEBODIPY), and 8-((4-phosphino) phenyl)-4,4-diphenyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (PPBODIPY).
2. A method of synthesizing a dinuclear silver (I) pyrazolido complex, the method comprising the steps of:
contacting a 4-R-pyrazolate with silver benzoate in equimolar amounts in dry THF to generate insoluble [Ag(R-pyrazolate)] n polymers, R being selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, formyl, acetyl, halogen substituted alkyl, halogen substituted aryl, halogen substituted sulfuryl, imine-linked PTA, amine-linked PTA, imine-linked adamantane, amine-linked adamantine, imine-linked triphenylphosphine, and amine-linked triphenylphosphine;
isolating the insoluble [Ag(R-pyrazolate)] n polymers;
reacting the insoluble [Ag(R-pyrazolate)] n polymers with a phosphine, wherein the phosphine is PA, (4-sulfophenyl)diphenylphosphine (SDPP), PDPP, or PMBODIPY; and optionally;
washing the dinuclear silver (I) pyrazolido complexes.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phosphine is provided in excess or in 1.5 equivalent amounts.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phosphine is provided in 2 equivalent amounts.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the phosphine is provided in 1 equivalent amounts.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, nitro, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, formyl, acetyl, halogen substituted alkyl, halogen substituted aryl, halogen substituted sulfuryl, imine-linked PTA, amine-linked PTA, imine-linked adamantane, amine-linked adamantine, imine-linked triphenylphosphine, and amine-linked triphenylphosphine.