High strength steel sheet having excellent workability and method for manufacturing same
Provided is a steel sheet and a method for manufacturing same, the steel sheet, which can be used for automobile parts and the like, having superb bendability, and excellent balance of strength and ductility and of strength and hole expansion ratio. The steel sheet includes: by wt %, C: 0.25 to 0.75%, Si: 4.0% or less, Mn: 0.9 to 5.0%, Al: 5.0% or less, P: 0.15% or less, S: 0.03% or less, N: 0.03% or less, a balance of Fe, and unavoidable impurities; and as microstructures, ferrite which is a soft structure, and tempered martensite, bainite, and retained austenite which are hard structures.
1. A high strength steel sheet having excellent workability, comprising:
by wt %, C: 0.25 to 0.75%, Si: 4.0% or less, Mn: 0.9 to 5.0%, Al: 5.0% or less, P: 0.15% or less, S: 0.03% or less, N: 0.03% or less, a balance of Fe, and unavoidable impurities; and
as microstructures, ferrite which is a soft structure, and tempered martensite, bainite, and retained austenite which are hard structures,
wherein the high strength steel sheet satisfies the following [Relational Expression 1], [Relational Expression 2], and [Relational Expression 3].
0.4 ≤[H] F /[H] TM+B+ γ≤0.9 [Relational Expression 1]
where [H] F and [H] TM+B+ γ are nanohardness values measured using a nanoindenter, [H] F is an average nanohardness value Hv of the ferrite which is the soft structure, and [H] TM+B+ γ is the average nanohardness value Hv of the tempered martensite, the bainite, and the retained austenite which are the hard structures,
V (1.2 μm, γ)/ V (γ)≥0.1 [Relational Expression 2]
where V(1.2 μm, γ) is a fraction (vol %) of the retained austenite having an average grain size of 1.2 μm or more, and V(γ) is the fraction (vol %) of the retained austenite of the steel sheet,
V (lath, γ)/ V (γ)≥0.5 [Relational Expression 3]
where V(lath, γ) is the fraction (vol %) of the retained austenite in a lath form, and V(γ) is the fraction (vol %) of the retained austenite of the steel sheet.
2. The high strength steel sheet of claim 1 , further comprising:
any one or more of the following (1) to (9):
(1) one or more of Ti: 0 to 0.5%, Nb: 0 to 0.5%, and V: 0 to 0.5%;
(2) one or more of Cr: 0 to 3.0% and Mo: 0 to 3.0%;
(3) one or more of Cu: 0 to 4.5% and Ni: 0 to 4.5%;
(4) B: 0 to 0.005%;
(5) one or more of Ca: 0 to 0.05%, REM: 0 to 0.05% excluding Y, and Mg: 0 to 0.05%;
(6) one or more of W: 0 to 0.5% and Zr: 0 to 0.5%;
(7) one or more of Sb: 0 to 0.5% and Sn: 0 to 0.5%;
(8) one or more of Y: 0 to 0.2% and Hf: 0 to 0.2%; and
(9) Co: 0 to 1.5%.
3. The high strength steel sheet of claim 1 , wherein a total content (Si+Al) of Si and Al is 1.0 to 6.0 wt %.
4. The high strength steel sheet of claim 1 , wherein the steel sheet includes, by volume fraction, 30 to 70% of tempered martensite, 10 to 45% of bainite, 10 to 40% of retained austenite, 3 to 20% of ferrite, and an unavoidable structure.
5. The high strength steel sheet of claim 1 , wherein a balance B T·E of tensile strength and elongation expressed by the following [Relational Expression 4] is 22,000 (MPa %) or more, a balance B T·H of tensile strength and a hole expansion ratio expressed by the following [Relational Expression 5] is 7*10 6 (MPa 2 % 1/2 ) or more, and bendability B R expressed by the following [Relational Expression 6] is 0.5 to 3.0,
B T·E =[Tensile Strength (TS, MPa)]*[Elongation (El, %)] [Relational Expression 4]
B T·H =[Tensile Strength (TS, MPa)] 2 *[Hole Extension Ratio (HER, %)] 1/2 [Relational Expression 5]
B R =R/t [Relational Expression 6]
where R is a minimum bending radius (mm) at which cracks do not occur after a 90° bending test, and t is a thickness (mm) of the steel sheet.
6. A method for manufacturing a high strength steel sheet having excellent workability, the method comprising:
providing a cold-rolled steel sheet including, by wt %, C: 0.25 to 0.75%, Si: 4.0% or less, Mn: 0.9 to 5.0%, Al: 5.0% or less, P: 0.15% or less, S: 0.03% or less, N: 0.03% or less, a balance of Fe, and unavoidable impurities;
heating (primary heating) the cold-rolled steel sheet to a temperature within a range of Ac1 or higher and less than Ac3, and maintaining (primary maintaining) the heated steel sheet for 50 seconds or more;
cooling (primary cooling) the heated steel sheet to a temperature within a range (primary cooling stop temperature) of 600 to 850° C. at an average cooling rate of 1° C./s or more;
cooling (secondary cooling) the cooled steel sheet to a temperature within a range of 300 to 500° C. at an average cooling rate of 2° C./s or more, and maintaining (secondary maintaining) the cooled steel sheet in the temperature within a range for 5 seconds or more;
cooling (tertiary cooling) the cooled steel sheet to a temperature within a range (secondary cooling stop temperature) of 100 to 300° C. at an average cooling rate of 2° C./s or more;
heating (secondary heating) the tertiarily cooled steel sheet to a temperature within a range of 350 to 550° C., and maintaining (tertiary maintaining) the heated steel sheet in the temperature within a range for 10 seconds or more;
cooling (quaternary cooling) the heated steel sheet to a temperature within a range of 250 to 450° C., and maintaining (quaternary maintaining) the quaternarily cooled steel sheet in the temperature within a range for 10 seconds or more; and
cooling (fifth cooling) the quaternarily cooled steel sheet to room temperature.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the steel slab further includes any one or more of the following (1) to (9):
(1) one or more of Ti: 0 to 0.5%, Nb: 0 to 0.5%, and V: 0 to 0.5%;
(2) one or more of Cr: 0 to 3.0% and Mo: 0 to 3.0%;
(3) one or more of Cu: 0 to 4.5% and Ni: 0 to 4.5%;
(4) B: 0 to 0.005%;
(5) one or more of Ca: 0 to 0.05%, REM: 0 to 0.05% excluding Y, and Mg: 0 to 0.05%;
(6) one or more of W: 0 to 0.5% and Zr: 0 to 0.5%;
(7) one or more of Sb: 0 to 0.5% and Sn: 0 to 0.5%;
(8) one or more of Y: 0 to 0.2% and Hf: 0 to 0.2%; and
(9) Co: 0 to 1.5%.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein a total content (Si+Al) of Si and Al included in the steel slab is 1.0 to 6.0 wt %.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the providing of the cold-rolled steel sheet includes:
heating steel slab to 1000 to 1350° C.;
performing finishing hot rolling in a temperature within a range of 800 to 1000° C.;
coiling the hot-rolled steel sheet at a temperature within a range of 300 to 600° C.;
performing hot-rolled annealing heat treatment on the coiled steel sheet in a temperature within a range of 650 to 850° C. for 600 to 1700 seconds; and
cold rolling the hot-rolled annealing heat-treated steel sheet at a reduction ratio of 30 to 90%.