Apparatus and methods for spectrum scheduling in heterogeneous wireless networks
Apparatus and methods for coordinating operation of two or more wireless networks operating within a common area or venue. In one embodiment, the apparatus and methods provide mechanisms for scheduling access node(s) of one or more of the wireless networks relative to others of the networks so as to minimize interference or contention for common frequency resources (e.g., unlicensed spectrum such as that used by WLAN, NR-U or LTE-U technologies). In one variant, a network coordinator process generates schedule data that is pushed to one or more of the wireless networks that specifies temporal and spatial aspects wherein access nodes of the recipient one or more networks can operate (e.g., transmit) with suitable levels of interference from other wireless network(s) operating within the area or venue. The schedule data is separate from underlying protocol scheduling by the access nodes, thereby preserving all operational aspects of the underlying ireless protocols.
1. A computerized wireless access node configured for use within a wireless network and configured for wireless communication with a plurality of computerized user devices and at least a computerized network node, the computerized wireless access node comprising:
processor apparatus;
wireless interface apparatus in data communication with the processor apparatus and configured to transmit and receive wireless signals in one or more radio frequency (RF) bands; and
computerized logic in data communication with the processor apparatus and configured to, when executed, cause the computerized wireless access node to:
receive at least one data element from the computerized network node;
process the received at least one data element to produce information facilitating scheduling of at least transmissions by the wireless interface apparatus, the scheduling being in addition to scheduling generated by a wireless interface protocol used by the wireless interface apparatus; and
utilize the information in order to control at least one transmission of wireless signals from the wireless interface apparatus.
2. The computerized wireless access node of claim 1 ,
wherein the scheduling generated by the wireless interface protocol used by the wireless interface apparatus comprises TDD (time division duplex) scheduling generated by a scheduler process of a wireless chipset of the computerized wireless access node.
3. The computerized wireless access node of claim 1 , wherein:
the received at least one data element comprises data generated based on a schedule of transmissions from at least one access node within another wireless access node operational within a wireless network using a different radio area technology (RAT) than a RAT used by the wireless interface apparatus.
4. A method of coordinating operation of first and second wireless radio access technologies (RATs) within a prescribed area or venue, the method comprising:
characterizing each of the first and second wireless RATs within the prescribed area or venue;
characterizing the prescribed area or venue;
generating a time-based schedule for the prescribed area or venue; and
applying the time-based schedule to at least one of the first wireless RAT or the second wireless RAT such that at least a portion of at least one of contention or interference is avoided within one or more spatial regions of the prescribed area or venue.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the characterizing of each of the first and second wireless RATs within the prescribed area or venue comprises:
determining a RAT type of each of the first and second wireless RATs;
obtaining information relating to access nodes in data communication with the first and second wireless RATs, respectively;
determining one or more network operators associated with the access nodes, respectively; and
identifying one or more policies associated with the one or more network operators, respectively.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the determining of the one or more network operators associated with the access nodes, respectively comprises:
determining a first portion of the access nodes are managed by a cable multiple systems operator (MSO) providing wireless local-area network (WLAN) coverage to at least a first portion of the prescribed area or venue; and
determining a second portion of the access nodes are managed by a mobile network operator (MNO) providing unlicensed cellular coverage to at least a second portion of the prescribed area or venue.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the characterizing of the prescribed area or venue comprises:
selecting a first model for the prescribed area or venue, the first model indicative of a plurality of RF propagation characteristics for various RAT signals within the prescribed area or venue;
correlating locations of access nodes respectively associated with the first and second wireless RATs to locations within the first model;
selecting a second model relating to a heat map;
selecting a third model relating to a grid or coordinate system; and
applying the second and third models to the first model, wherein the applying of the second and third models to the first model comprises algorithmically overlaying on to a spatial heat map of the prescribed area or venue to enable characterization of each portion of section of a grid of the prescribed area or venue in terms of at least one of heat mapping or interference.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the generating of the time-based schedule for the prescribed area or venue comprises:
based on the heat map, identifying the one or more spatial regions of the prescribed area or venue as having at least one of the contention or the interference between the first and second wireless RATs;
obtaining data relating to grid section-specific loading within the one or more spatial regions; and
based on the data relating to the grid section-specific loading, generating grid section-specific slot schedule for the one or more spatial regions.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the identifying of the one or more spatial regions of the prescribed area or venue as having the at least one of the contention or the interference comprises identifying from the heat map that transmissions from the first and second wireless RATs are generating a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) below a prescribed level within certain cells.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
identifying respective locations of user equipment (UE) within the prescribed area or venue; and
correlating the respective locations of the UE with the grid of the prescribed area or venue;
wherein the generating of the grid section-specific slot schedule is based on the correlating of the respective locations of the UE with the grid to enable at least one of (i) policy enforcement or (ii) density mapping.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising determining one or more network operator service policies;
wherein the generating of the grid section-specific slot schedule is based on the one or more network operator service policies.
12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the generating of the time-based schedule for the prescribed area or venue comprises:
identifying one or more second spatial regions where at least one of contention or interference is below a prescribed threshold; and
excluding the identified one or more second spatial regions in the generating of the time-based schedule.
13. A system architecture, the system architecture comprises:
at least two radio area technologies (RATs); and
a slot coordinator apparatus configured to:
impose a temporo-spatial access scheme on at least one of the at least two RATs in order to enhance spectral use efficiency within a prescribed area or venue; and
utilize one or more computer-generated heat maps generated for the prescribed area or venue to model a spatial grid or overlay within which the temporo-spatial access scheme is imposed.
14. The system architecture of claim 13 , wherein the at least two RATs comprise (i) at least one of a 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology or a 3GPP 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio) technology, and (ii) a Wi-Fi (IEEE Std. 802.11) based technology.
15. The system architecture of claim 13 , wherein the imposition of the temporo-spatial access scheme causes the at least two RATs to respectively operate in one of an uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) within time and spatial coordinates as determined by computerized logic of the slot coordinator apparatus so as to avoid contention for frequency resources.
16. The system architecture of claim 13 , wherein the at least two RATs comprise at least two homogeneous RATs, the at least two homogeneous RATs being uncoordinated and operated by different network operators having one or more service level or other sharing arrangements for the prescribed area or venue.
17. A system architecture, the system architecture comprises:
at least two radio area technologies (RATs); and
a slot coordinator apparatus configured to impose a temporo-spatial access scheme on at least one of the at least two RATs in order to enhance spectral use efficiency within a prescribed area or venue;
wherein:
the at least two RATs comprise at least two heterogeneous RATs;
users of the at least two heterogeneous RATs are associated with a common network operator or service provider; and
the common network operator comprises a cable multiple systems operator (MSO), and at least one of the at least two heterogeneous RATs are backhauled to at least a core network of the MSO by one or more data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) infrastructure.
18. The system architecture of claim 17 , wherein the at least two RATs comprise at least two homogeneous RATs, the at least two homogeneous RATs being uncoordinated and operated by different network operators having one or more service level or other sharing arrangements for the prescribed area or venue.
19. A system architecture, the system architecture comprises:
at least two radio area technologies (RATs);
a slot coordinator apparatus configured to impose a temporo-spatial access scheme on at least one of the at least two RATs in order to enhance spectral use efficiency within a prescribed area or venue; and
one or more cloud-based machine learning (ML) processes used to support one or more operations of the slot coordinator apparatus substantially in real time, the one or more cloud-based ML processes configured to utilize at least historical data to determine use patterns such as changes in user spatial density and load;
wherein output of the one or more cloud-based ML processes is used by the slot coordinator apparatus in real-time allocations of resources so as to maximize the spectral use efficiency.
20. The system architecture of claim 19 , wherein the at least two RATs comprise at least two homogeneous RATs, the at least two homogeneous RATs being uncoordinated and operated by different network operators having one or more service level or other sharing arrangements for the prescribed area or venue.