Positive electrode active material and method of producing positive electrode active material
A method of producing a positive electrode active material, the method includes: contacting first particles that contain a lithium transition metal composite oxide with a solution containing sodium ions to obtain second particles containing the lithium transition metal composite oxide and sodium element, wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a layered structure and a composition ratio of a number of moles of nickel to a total number of moles of metals other than lithium in a range of from 0.7 to less than 1; mixing the second particles and a boron compound to obtain a mixture; and heat-treating the mixture at a temperature in a range of from 100° C. to 450° C.
1. A positive electrode active material, comprising:
secondary particles each composed of an aggregate of primary particles that contain a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a layered structure and a composition ratio of a number of moles of nickel to a total number of moles of metals other than lithium of from 0.7 to less than 1,
wherein a compound containing boron is attached on at least a part of surfaces of the primary particles,
a compound containing sodium is present in at least a part of particle boundaries of the secondary particles,
a sodium element content is in a range of from 150 ppm to 1300 ppm and
a ratio of a number of moles of boron element relative to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium in the lithium transition metal composite oxide is in a range of from 0.1% by mole to 2% by mole.
2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein a value obtained by dividing a standard deviation of detection amounts of boron element in any three regions in a cross-sectional surface of the secondary particles by an average of the detection amounts is less than 0.18.
3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 2 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains cobalt and has a ratio of a number of moles of cobalt to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium in the lithium transition metal composite oxide of 0.3 or less.
4. The positive electrode active material according to claim 3 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains at least one of manganese and aluminium and has a ratio of a number of moles of manganese and aluminium to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium in the lithium transition metal composite oxide of 0.3 or less.
5. The positive electrode active material according to claim 3 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a composition represented by formula (1):
Li (1+p) Ni (1−x−y−z−w) Co x Mn y Al z M w O 2 (1)
wherein −0.05≤p≤0.2, 0<x+y+z+w≤0.3, 0≤x≤0.3, 0≤y≤0.3, 0≤z≤0.1, and 0≤w≤0.03; and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Mo, and W.
6. The positive electrode active material according to claim 2 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains at least one of manganese and aluminium and has a ratio of a number of moles of manganese and aluminium to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium in the lithium transition metal composite oxide of 0.3 or less.
7. The positive electrode active material according to claim 6 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a composition represented by formula (1):
Li (1+p) Ni (1−x−y−z−w) Co x Mn y Al z M w O 2 (1)
wherein −0.05≤p≤0.2, 0<x+y+z+w≤0.3, 0≤x≤0.3, 0≤y≤0.3, 0≤z≤0.1, and 0≤w≤0.03; and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Mo, and W.
8. The positive electrode active material according to claim 2 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a composition represented by formula (1):
Li (1+p) Ni (1−x−y−z−w) Co x Mn y Al z M w O 2 (1)
wherein −0.05≤p≤0.2, 0<x+y+z+w≤0.3, 0≤x≤0.3, 0≤y≤0.3, 0≤z≤0.1, and 0≤w≤0.03; and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Mo, and W.
9. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains cobalt and has a ratio of a number of moles of cobalt to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium in the lithium transition metal composite oxide of 0.3 or less.
10. The positive electrode active material according to claim 9 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains at least one of manganese and aluminium and has a ratio of a number of moles of manganese and aluminium to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium in the lithium transition metal composite oxide of 0.3 or less.
11. The positive electrode active material according to claim 9 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a composition represented by formula (1):
Li (1+p) Ni (1−x−y−z−w) Co x Mn y Al z M w O 2 (1)
wherein −0.05≤p≤0.2, 0<x+y+z+w≤0.3, 0≤x≤0.3, 0≤y≤0.3, 0≤z≤0.1, and 0≤w≤0.03; and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Mo, and W.
12. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide contains at least one of manganese and aluminium and has a ratio of a number of moles of manganese and aluminium to the total number of moles of metals other than lithium in the lithium transition metal composite oxide of 0.3 or less.
13. The positive electrode active material according to claim 12 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a composition represented by formula (1):
Li (1+p) Ni (1−x−y−z−w) Co x Mn y Al z M w O 2 (1)
wherein −0.05≤p≤0.2, 0<x+y+z+w≤0.3, 0≤x≤0.3, 0≤y≤0.3, 0≤z≤0.1, and 0≤w≤0.03; and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Mo, and W.
14. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium transition metal composite oxide has a composition represented by formula (1):
Li (1+p) Ni (1−x−y−z−w) Co x Mn y Al z M w O 2 (1)
wherein −0.05≤p≤0.2, 0<x+y+z+w≤0.3, 0≤x≤0.3, 0≤y≤0.3, 0≤z≤0.1, and 0≤w≤0.03; and M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Mo, and W.
15. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode active material according to claim 1 in a positive electrode thereof.
16. An electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, comprising:
a current collector; and
a positive electrode active material layer arranged on the current collector,
wherein the positive electrode active material layer contains the positive electrode active material according to claim 1 and has a density in a range of 2.8 g/cm 3 to 3.7 g/cm 3 .