Electric machine with flexible electrical conductors and shaping insulations
The present invention relates to an electric machine ( 1 ) having a rotor ( 3 ) and a stator ( 2 ), wherein the stator ( 2 ) and/or the rotor ( 3 ) has an electrical plug-in winding ( 4 ), which comprises a plurality of rigid insulated electrical conductor elements ( 5 ); the conductor elements ( 5 ) are arranged in grooves of the stator or of the rotor and their conductor ends ( 17 ) project out of the grooves; the conductor ends of the conductor elements ( 5 ) are each connected to conductor ends of other conductor elements ( 5 ) in order to form the electrical plug-in winding ( 4 ); the conductor elements ( 5 ) have an electrically insulating insulation sheath ( 9 ); characterized in that each conductor element ( 5 ) has a multiplicity of flexible fibres ( 8 ), in particular of a conductor strand of flexible fibres ( 8 ), made of carbon nanotubes or graphene and in that the insulation sheath ( 9 ) surrounds the multiplicity of fibres ( 8 ) like a hose and is designed in such a way that it gives the electrical conductor element ( 5 ) a rigid form.
1. An electric machine ( 1 ) having a rotor ( 3 ) and a stator ( 2 ), wherein the stator ( 2 ) and/or the rotor ( 3 ) has an electrical plug-in winding ( 4 ), which comprises a plurality of rigid insulated electrical conductor elements ( 5 ), wherein the conductor elements ( 5 ) are arranged in grooves of the stator ( 2 ) or the rotor ( 3 ) and project out of the grooves with conductor ends ( 17 ), wherein the conductor ends ( 17 ) of the conductor elements ( 5 ) are each connected to conductor ends ( 17 ) of other conductor elements ( 5 ) to form the electrical plug-in winding ( 4 ), wherein the conductor elements ( 5 ) each have an electrically insulating insulation sheath ( 9 ), tubularly surrounding a multiplicity of flexible fibers ( 8 ), and wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) is configured to give the electrical conductor element ( 5 ) a rigid form.
2. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) is thermally shrunk onto the multiplicity of flexible fibers ( 8 ).
3. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) braces the multiplicity of flexible fibers ( 8 ) in a conductor bundle, in the insulation sheath ( 9 ) with a tensile force.
4. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) is formed from a thermoplastic material.
5. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) includes an insulation material which has a negative coefficient of expansion.
6. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each conductor element ( 5 ) is configured in a U shape or I shape and has a quadrangular cross section.
7. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the flexible fibers ( 8 ) of each conductor element ( 5 ) project out of the respective insulation sheath ( 9 ) with the flexible fiber ends ( 18 ) at the two conductor ends ( 17 ) of the respective conductor element ( 5 ) in order to electrically connect the respective conductor element ( 5 ) to other conductor elements ( 5 ).
8. A method for producing substantially rigid insulated electrical conductor elements ( 5 ) for a plug-in winding ( 4 ) for a rotor ( 3 ) and/or a stator ( 2 ) of an electric machine ( 1 ), having the following steps:
surrounding a bundle of flexible fibers ( 9 ) made of carbon nanotubes or graphene with a tubular insulation sheath ( 9 ) to form a conductor element ( 5 ),
arranging the conductor element ( 5 ) in a shaping depression ( 14 ) of a shaping device ( 12 ),
heating the conductor element ( 5 ) in the depression of the shaping device ( 12 ) by at least one heating element ( 15 ) to a temperature which effects thermal shrinking of the insulation sheath ( 9 ), and
cooling the conductor element ( 5 ).
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the electric machine ( 1 ) is an electric drive machine for an electrically driven vehicle, and wherein the conductor element ( 5 ) is heated to a temperature which effects a contraction of the insulation sheath ( 9 ).
10. An electric machine ( 1 ) having a rotor ( 3 ) and a stator ( 2 ), wherein the stator ( 2 ) and/or the rotor ( 3 ) has an electrical plug-in winding ( 4 ), which comprises a plurality of rigid insulated electrical conductor elements ( 5 ), wherein the conductor elements ( 5 ) are arranged in grooves of the stator ( 2 ) or the rotor ( 3 ) and project out of the grooves with conductor ends ( 17 ), wherein the conductor ends ( 17 ) of the conductor elements ( 5 ) are each connected to conductor ends ( 17 ) of other conductor elements ( 5 ) to form the electrical plug-in winding ( 4 ), wherein the conductor elements ( 5 ) each have an electrically insulating insulation sheath ( 9 ) tubularly surrounding a conductor bundle of flexible fibers ( 8 ) made of carbon nanotubes or graphene, and wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) is configured to give the electrical conductor element ( 5 ) a rigid form.
11. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) is thermally shrunk onto the conductor bundle of flexible fibers ( 8 ).
12. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) braces the conductor bundle in the insulation sheath ( 9 ) with a tensile force.
13. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) is formed from polyether ether ketone.
14. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the insulation sheath ( 9 ) consists of an insulation material which has a negative coefficient of expansion.
15. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 14 , wherein each conductor element ( 5 ) is configured in a U shape or I shape and has a rectangular cross section.
16. The electric machine ( 1 ) as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the conductor bundle of each conductor element ( 5 ) project out of the respective insulation sheath ( 9 ) with the flexible fiber ends ( 18 ) at the two conductor ends ( 17 ) of the respective conductor element ( 5 ) in order to electrically connect the respective conductor element ( 5 ) to other conductor elements ( 5 ).