Method of determining the transfection status of a plurality of cells
A system to determine the transfection status of at least one cell in a population of cells includes a fluidic device comprising a microfluidic channel and a detection zone comprising a detection electrode module comprising two electrodes configured to detect electrical impedance between the electrodes transversely across the channel in the detection zone; corresponding to a cell passing the detection zone, a pump fluidically coupled to the fluidic device and configured to pump the population of cells in a carrier liquid along the microfluidic channel, and a processor operatively coupled to the detection electrode module and configured to detect a change in electrical impedance corresponding to a cell passing the detection zone, compare the change in electrical impedance with a reference change in electrical impedance corresponding to a cell of known transfection status, and calculate the transfection status of the cell based on the comparison.
1. A system to determine a transfection efficiency of a cell membrane disruption treatment on at least one cell in a population of cells and monitor recovery of the at least one cell following the cell membrane disruption treatment, comprising:
a cell membrane disruption module configured to treat the population of cells to disrupt cell membranes of the population of cells;
a fluidic device comprising a microfluidic channel fluidically coupled to the cell membrane rupture module to receive treated cells from the cell membrane disruption module and a detection zone downstream of the cell membrane disruption module comprising a detection electrode module comprising two electrodes configured to detect changes in electrical impedance between the two electrodes transversely across the microfluidic channel in the detection zone as the treated cells pass the detection zone;
a pump fluidically coupled to the fluidic device and configured to pump the population of cells in a carrier liquid along the microfluidic channel at a linear velocity of 0.1 m/s to 10 m/s; and
a processor operatively coupled to the detection electrode module and configured to (a) detect a change in electrical impedance corresponding to the at least one cell passing the detection zone at a first time point immediately after the cell membrane disruption treatment, compare the change in electrical impedance with a reference change in electrical impedance corresponding to a reference cell of known transfection status, and calculate the transfection efficiency of the cell membrane disruption treatment on the least one cell based on the comparing, and (b) detect a change in electrical impedance corresponding to the at least one cell passing the detection zone at a plurality of time points after the first time point to monitor the recovery of the cell following the cell membrane disruption treatment.
2. A system according to claim 1 , in which the detection electrode module comprises at least one AC voltage source and AC detection circuit, in which the two electrodes comprise at least one excitation electrode connected to the at least one voltage source, and at least one detection electrode connected to the at least one AC detection circuit.
3. A system according to claim 1 , in which the detection electrode module is a first detection electrode module, and the system includes a second detection mode module spaced-apart from the first detection electrode module.
4. A system according to claim 1 , in which the fluidic device comprises a cell separation module fluidically coupled to the detection zone that is operatively coupled to the processor and configured to receive the treated cells from the detection zone and separate at least one cell from the treated cells based on the transfection efficiency of the at least one cell calculated by the processor.
5. A system according to claim 4 , in which the cell separation module comprises:
a separation chamber;
a droplet generation module connected to the microfluidic channel and separation chamber; the droplet generation module configured to receive the treated cells and carrier liquid from the microfluidic channel and direct a stream of discrete droplets into the separation chamber, in which one or more droplets of the discrete droplets contain a cell of the treated cells;
a droplet charging module connected to the microfluidic channel and configured to charge a selected droplet; and
a charged droplet deflection module connected to the microfluidic channel and configured to deflect a charged droplet away from a stream of uncharged droplets.
6. A system according to claim 1 , in which the processor is configured to determine the transfection efficiency of a plurality of cells of the population of cells immediately after the cell membrane disruption treatment and calculate a cell population transfection efficiency, in which the cell population transfection efficiency is the percentage of cells in the plurality of cells that exhibit open cell membranes immediately after the cell membrane disruption treatment.