IP Library Granted Patent US 12,279,845
Granted Patent B2
US 12,279,845 · App. 17/503,886 · Granted Apr 22, 2025

Cable-driven actuation system for robotic surgical tool attachment

Inventor: Paul Moubarak (West Chester, OH)
Assignee: Cilag GmbH International
A61B34/71A61B17/072A61B34/30A61B34/70A61B17/068A61B2017/07271
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,279,845
App. No.
17/503,886
Filed
Oct 18, 2021
Granted
Apr 22, 2025
Kind
B2
Art Unit
3731
USPC
227/175.1
Abstract

A surgical end effector assembly is disclosed. The surgical end effector assembly comprises a shaft, an end effector comprising a first jaw and a second jaw movable relative to the first jaw, and an articulation joint attaching the end effector to the shaft, wherein the articulation joint defines an articulation axis about which said end effector is articulatable relative to the shaft. The articulation joint comprises a first rotary drive member rotatable about the articulation axis and a second rotary drive member rotatable about the articulation axis, wherein the first rotary drive member and the second rotary drive member are rotatable in the same direction to articulate the end effector about the articulation axis. The surgical end effector assembly further comprises a jaw drive output cooperatively driven by the first rotary drive member and the second rotary drive member configured to clamp and unclamp tissue with the second jaw.

Claims (56)

1. A robotic surgical tool configured to be attached to and detached from a surgical robot, wherein said robotic surgical tool comprises:

a shaft;

an articulation region;

an end effector attached to said shaft by way of said articulation region, wherein said end effector is articulatable relative to said shaft by way of said articulation region, and wherein said end effector comprises:

a first jaw; and

a second jaw movable relative to said first jaw about a jaw pivot axis, wherein said robotic surgical tool further comprises:

a cable-driven actuation system, comprising:

a first cable;

a first rotary output coupled to said first cable, wherein said first cable is configured to rotate said first rotary output about a rotary axis proximal to said jaw pivot axis;

a second cable;

a second rotary output coupled to said second cable, wherein said second cable is configured to rotate said second rotary output; and

a driven gear configured to move said second jaw relative to said first jaw,

wherein said first rotary output and said second rotary output are configured to be rotated in opposite directions simultaneously such that each of said first and second rotary outputs drives said driven gear to move said second jaw relative to said first jaw, and

wherein said first rotary output and said second rotary output are configured to be rotated in a common direction simultaneously to articulate said end effector relative to said shaft.

2. The robotic surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein said articulation region defines an articulation axis, and wherein said end effector is articulatable relative to said shaft about said articulation axis.

3. The robotic surgical tool of claim 2 , wherein said first rotary output and said second rotary output are configured to be rotated in opposite directions about said articulation axis by said first cable and said second cable, and wherein said first rotary output and said second rotary output are configured to be rotated in a common direction about said articulation axis by said first cable and said second cable.

4. The robotic surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein said first cable comprises a first actuation input and a second actuation input, wherein said second cable comprises a third actuation input and a fourth actuation input, and wherein said first actuation input, said second actuation input, said third actuation input, and said fourth actuation input are actuatable independent of each other.

5. The robotic surgical tool of claim 4 , wherein said first actuation input, said second actuation input, said third actuation input, and said fourth actuation input are each individually actuatable by a motor.

6. The robotic surgical tool of claim 5 , further comprising a rotary firing drive actuatable by a firing-drive motor.

7. The robotic surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein said articulation region comprises:

a first articulation joint defining a first articulation axis, wherein the first rotary output and said second rotary output are configured to rotate about said first articulation axis; and

a second articulation joint defining a second articulation axis.

8. The robotic surgical tool of claim 7 , wherein said first cable and said second cable are cooperatively actuatable to articulate said end effector about said first articulation axis and to articulate said end effector about said second articulation axis.

9. The robotic surgical tool of claim 7 , wherein said first articulation joint comprises a first differential gear system and said second articulation joint comprises a second differential gear system.

10. The robotic surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein said second jaw comprises drive teeth configured to be driven by said driven gear to move said second jaw relative to said first jaw between an unclamped configuration and a clamped configuration.

11. The robotic surgical tool of claim 1 , wherein said end effector further comprises a staple cartridge configured to staple tissue clamped between said first jaw and said second jaw.

12. A robotic surgical tool attachment configured to be attached to and detached from a surgical robot, wherein said robotic surgical tool comprises:

a shaft;

an articulation joint;

an end effector attached to said shaft by way of said articulation joint, wherein said end effector is articulatable relative to said shaft by way of said articulation joint about at least one articulation axis, and wherein said end effector comprises:

a first jaw; and

a second jaw movable relative to said first jaw;

a first cable;

a second cable; and

an output gear,

wherein said first cable and said second cable are cooperatively actuatable to articulate said end effector about said at least one articulation axis,

wherein said first cable and said second cable are simultaneously actuatable with antagonistic control motions to cooperatively actuate said output gear and thereby move said second jaw relative to said first jaw.

13. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 12 , further comprising a differential gear system configured to combine the antagonistic control motions of said first cable and said second cable to actuate the output gear.

14. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 12 , wherein said first cable comprises a first actuation input and a second actuation input, wherein said second cable comprises a third actuation input and a fourth actuation input, and wherein said first actuation input, said second actuation input, said third actuation input, and said fourth actuation input are actuatable independent of each other.

15. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 12 , wherein said at least one articulation axis comprises:

a first articulation axis about which said end effector is articulatable; and

a second articulation axis about which said end effector is articulatable, wherein said second articulation axis is distal to said first articulation axis.

16. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 15 , wherein said first cable and said second cable are cooperatively actuatable to articulate said end effector about said first articulation axis in a first plane and to articulate said end effector about said second articulation axis in a second plane, wherein said first plane and said second plane are different.

17. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 15 , wherein the antagonistic control motions of said first cable and said second cable are combined into the output gear distal to the first articulation axis.

18. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 12 , further comprising a first differential gear system and a second differential gear system distal to said first differential gear system.

19. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 12 , further comprising a rotary firing drive traversing said articulation joint, wherein said rotary firing drive comprises a rotary firing output positioned within said end effector.

20. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 12 , wherein said end effector further comprises a staple cartridge configured to staple tissue clamped between said first jaw and said second jaw.

21. The robotic surgical tool attachment of claim 12 , wherein said second jaw is movable relative to said first jaw about a jaw pivot axis, wherein said at least one articulation axis is proximal to said jaw pivot axis.

22. A surgical end effector assembly, comprising:

a shaft extending in a proximal to a distal direction;

an end effector comprising a first jaw and a second jaw movable relative to said first jaw about a jaw pivot axis;

an articulation joint attaching said end effector to a distal end of said shaft, wherein said articulation joint defines an articulation axis proximal to said jaw pivot axis about which said end effector is articulatable relative to said shaft, wherein said articulation joint comprises:

a first rotary driver rotatable about said articulation axis; and

a second rotary driver rotatable about said articulation axis,

wherein said first rotary driver and said second rotary driver are rotatable in the same direction to articulate said end effector about said articulation axis; and

a jaw drive output cooperatively driven by said first rotary driver and said second rotary driver and configured to clamp and unclamp tissue with said second jaw.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Dec 2, 2021
From: MOUBARAK, PAUL
To: CILAG GMBH INTERNATIONAL
Reel/Frame 058266/0054 →
Continuity (1)
Related Publication 20230119119A1 · Apr 20, 2023
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