Pond water (gas plant discharge) based fracturing fluid
Systems to produce a pond water, pond water compositions, and methods for using pond water compositions are provided. The system may include a rainwater collection system, a water purification system, a condensate collection system, and a mixing tank configured to receive and mix the various water sources to form a pond water. A system for forming a fracturing fluid is provided, wherein the system may include the system for producing a pond water, an additive feed system, and a mixer configured to receive and mix pond water from the mixing tank with one or more additives from the additive feed system to produce a frac fluid. A method of fracturing a well is also provided, which may include producing a pond water, mixing the pond water with one or more additives to form a frac fluid, and pumping the frac fluid downhole to fracture the well.
1. A system for producing a pond water, comprising:
a rainwater collection system configured to capture rainwater;
a water purification system configured to receive and purify a source water to produce a purified water and a reject water;
a natural gas processing system comprising:
a boiler configured to receive and vaporize the purified water to produce steam;
one or more energy conversion systems for converting the steam to condensate;
a condensate collection system configured to receive condensate from each of the one or more energy conversion systems;
a mixing tank configured to receive and mix the rainwater from the rainwater collection system, the reject water from the water purification system, and the condensate from the condensate collection system to form a pond water; and
a control system coupled to the rainwater collection system, the water purification system, the natural gas processing system, and the mixing tank, wherein the control system is configured to adjust a flow rate of one or more of the rainwater, the reject water, the condensate, a process water, and a produced water to maintain a concentration of dissolved solids in the pond water in a range from about 5 ppm to about 5000 ppm.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the natural gas processing system further comprises a dehydrator producing the process water, wherein the mixing tank is additionally configured to receive and mix the process water with each of the rainwater, the reject water, and the condensate to form the pond water.
3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a gas separator configured to separate a stream comprising at least natural gas and water to recover a raw natural gas stream and the produced water, wherein the mixing tank is additionally configured to receive and mix the produced water with each of the rainwater, the reject water, and the condensate to form the pond water.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the rainwater collection system comprises one or more of rain barrels, ponds, or dry systems storing rainwater collected from buildings.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the natural gas processing system comprises one or more process units configured to separate natural gas from impurities, water, and other hydrocarbons in a raw natural gas stream, the one or more process units including one or more of a dehydrator, a contaminant removal system, a nitrogen removal system, a methane separation system, and a fractionation unit.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more energy conversion systems of the natural gas processing system include one or more turbines, one or more heat exchangers, or both turbines and heat exchangers.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water purification system comprises one or more of filtration, ultrafiltration, a membrane separation system, a water evaporation systems, a freeze separation systems, an ion exchange systems, and a deaeration or degasification system.
8. A system for forming a frac fluid, the system comprising:
the system for producing a pond water as claimed in claim 1 ;
an additive feed system; and
a mixer configured to receive and mix the pond water from the mixing tank with one or more additives from the additive feed system to produce a frac fluid.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the additive feed system comprises one or more of a volumetric additive feeder, a gravimetric additive feeder, or an automatic closed loop control additive feeder.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the one or more additive feed systems include one or more of a proppant feed system, a gellant feed system, an acid feed system, a corrosion inhibitor feed system, a friction reducer feed system, a clay control feed system, a crosslinker feed system, a scale inhibitor feed system, a breaker feed system, a gel stabilizer feed system, an iron control feed system, and a biocide feed system.
11. A method for producing a pond water, comprising:
capturing rainwater using a rainwater collection system;
purifying a source water using a water purification system, and recovering a purified water and a reject water;
boiling the purified water using a boiler of a natural gas processing system to produce steam;
condensing the steam in one or more energy conversion units of the natural gas processing system to produce condensate;
collecting the condensate from the one or more energy conversion units using a condensate collection system of the natural gas processing system to form a mixed condensate;
mixing the rainwater, the mixed condensate, and the reject water to produce a pond water in a mixing tank fluidly connected to the rainwater collection; and
adjusting, using a control system coupled to the rainwater collection system, the water purification system, the natural gas processing system, and the mixing tank, a feed rate of one or more of the rainwater, the mixed condensate, the reject water, a process water, and a produced water to provide the pond water having a total dissolved solids content in a range from 5 ppmw to 5000 ppmw.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising dehydrating a natural gas stream to recover the process water, wherein the mixing further comprises mixing the process water with the rainwater, the mixed condensate and the reject water to produce the pond water.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising separating a produced fluid comprising at least natural gas and water to recover the produced water, wherein the mixing further comprises mixing the produced water with the rainwater, the mixed condensate and the reject water to produce the pond water.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pond water comprises:
40-75 vol % mixed condensate;
5-20 vol % produced water;
5 to 25 vol % process water;
1 to 15 vol % reject water; and
5 to 15 vol % rainwater.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the pond water comprises:
50-70 vol % mixed condensate;
5-20 vol % produced water;
5 to 20 vol % process water;
1 to 15 vol % reject water; and
1 to 20 vol % rainwater.
16. A method of fracturing a well, comprising:
producing a pond water as claimed in claim 11 ;
mixing the pond water with one or more additives to form a frac fluid; and
pumping the frac fluid downhole to fracture the well.