Exhaust treatment method and apparatus having particulate filters and SCR
An exhaust treatment method and apparatus for treating an exhaust stream flowing through an exhaust line housing in a downstream direction, the apparatus comprising a first particulate filter, an SCR unit, and a second particulate filter downstream of the SCR unit, all serially positioned in the exhaust line.
1. An exhaust treatment apparatus for treating an exhaust stream flowing through an exhaust line housing in a downstream direction from an upstream location of the exhaust line housing to a downstream location, the exhaust treatment apparatus comprising:
a first particulate filter;
an SCR unit disposed downstream of the first particulate filter; and
a second particulate filter disposed downstream of the SCR unit;
wherein the first particulate filter, the SCR unit, and the second particulate filter are disposed serially in the exhaust line housing and are configured to allow the exhaust stream to flow serially through the first particulate filter, subsequently through the SCR unit, and subsequently through the second particulate filter wherein the first particulate filter is comprised of a first honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a first bulk average porosity of 40-65% as measured by mercury porosimetry, and the second particulate filter is comprised of a second honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a second bulk average porosity of 35-55% as measured by mercury porosimetry.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the SCR unit comprises a reducing agent doser configured to inject a reducing agent into the exhaust gas in the exhaust line housing downstream of the first particulate filter.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the SCR unit further comprises a selective catalytic reduction catalyst.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first particulate filter is comprised of a first honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a first bulk average porosity as measured by mercury porosimetry, and the second particulate filter is comprised of a second honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a second bulk average porosity as measured by mercury porosimetry, wherein the second honeycomb body comprises a second bulk median pore size which is less than a first bulk median pore size of the first honeycomb body.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first bulk average porosity is 48-62%.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the first bulk average porosity is 50-55%.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second bulk average porosity is 40-55%.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second honeycomb body comprises a second bulk median pore size of 5-22 micrometers.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second honeycomb body comprises a second bulk median pore size which is less than a first bulk median pore size of the first honeycomb body.
10. An exhaust treatment apparatus for treating an exhaust stream flowing through an exhaust line housing in a downstream direction from an upstream location of the exhaust line housing to a downstream location, the exhaust treatment apparatus comprising:
a first particulate filter;
an SCR unit disposed downstream of the first particulate filter; and
a second particulate filter disposed downstream of the SCR unit;
wherein the first particulate filter, the SCR unit, and the second particulate filter are disposed serially in the exhaust line housing and are configured to allow the exhaust stream to flow serially through the first particulate filter, subsequently through the SCR unit, and subsequently through the second particulate filter wherein the first particulate filter is comprised of a first honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a first bulk median pore size of 12-30 micrometers as measured by mercury porosimetry, and the second particulate filter is comprised of a second honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a second bulk median pore size of 2-22 micrometers as measured by mercury porosimetry, and wherein the second bulk median pore size is less than the first bulk median pore size.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the first particulate filter is comprised of a honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a bulk average porosity of 40-65% as measured by mercury porosimetry.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein porous ceramic walls comprising a bulk average porosity of 42-55% as measured by mercury porosimetry.
13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the porous ceramic walls comprise a bulk median pore size of 5 to 1 μm as measured by mercury porosimetry.
14. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the porous ceramic walls comprise a bulk median pore size of 7 to 12 μm as measured by mercury porosimetry.
15. An exhaust treatment apparatus for treating an exhaust stream flowing through an exhaust line housing in a downstream direction from an upstream location of the exhaust line housing to a downstream location, the exhaust treatment apparatus comprising:
a first particulate filter;
an SCR unit disposed downstream of the first particulate filter; and
a second particulate filter disposed downstream of the SCR unit;
wherein the first particulate filter, the SCR unit, and the second particulate filter are disposed serially in the exhaust line housing and are configured to allow the exhaust stream to flow serially through the first particulate filter, subsequently through the SCR unit, and subsequently through the second particulate filter wherein the first particulate filter is comprised of a first honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a first bulk average porosity as measured by mercury porosimetry, and the second particulate filter is comprised of a second honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls comprising a second bulk average porosity as measured by mercury porosimetry, and the second bulk average porosity is greater than the first bulk average porosity.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein the first particulate filter is comprised of a first honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls defining axial channels, wherein the first honeycomb body further comprises plugs selectively disposed in at least some of the axial channels to further define inlet channels and outlet channels and to provide a plurality of gas flow paths through selected porous ceramic walls.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein at least some of the inlet channels have a cross-sectional channel open area greater than a cross-sectional channel open area of at least some of the outlet channels.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the second particulate filter is comprised of a second honeycomb body comprised of intersecting porous ceramic walls defining axial channels, wherein the second honeycomb body further comprises plugs selectively disposed in at least some of the axial channels to further define inlet channels and outlet channels and to provide a plurality of gas flow paths through selected porous ceramic walls.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein a majority of the inlet channels and a majority of the outlet channels in the second particulate filter have essentially the same cross-sectional channel open area.