Receiving device, transceiver device, communication system, portable terminal device, and photodetection element
A receiving device includes a magnetic element having a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, and a spacer layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer, wherein the first ferromagnetic layer is configured to be irradiated with light containing an optical signal with a change of intensity of the light, and wherein the receiving device is configured to receive the optical signal on a basis of an output voltage from the magnetic element.
1. A receiving device comprising:
a magnetic element having a first ferromagnetic layer, a second ferromagnetic layer, and a spacer layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer,
wherein the first ferromagnetic layer is configured to be irradiated with light containing an optical signal with a change of intensity of the light,
wherein the receiving device is configured to receive the optical signal on a basis of an output voltage from the magnetic element,
wherein the intensity of the light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer is converted into the output voltage from the magnetic element corresponding to the intensity,
wherein the optical signal has intensities of at least two levels, and
wherein, under a condition that a magnitude of the output voltage from the magnetic element has a first value when the intensity of the light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer is a first intensity and has a second value when the intensity of the light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer is a second intensity and the second intensity is greater than the first intensity,
current flows from the first ferromagnetic layer to the second ferromagnetic layer when the second value is larger than the first value, and
current flows from the second ferromagnetic layer to the first ferromagnetic layer when the second value is smaller than the first value.
2. The receiving device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the magnetic element further includes a first electrode connected to the first ferromagnetic layer and a second electrode connected to the second ferromagnetic layer, and
wherein the first electrode has transparency to light in a wavelength range used for the optical signal.
3. A transceiver device comprising:
the receiving device according to claim 1 ; and
a transmission device configured to transmit an optical signal.
4. A communication system comprising:
a plurality of transceiver devices, each of which is the transceiver device according to claim 3 .
5. A portable terminal device comprising the receiving device according to claim 1 .
6. A photodetection element comprising:
a first ferromagnetic layer;
a second ferromagnetic layer; and
a spacer layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer,
wherein the photodetection element is configured to convert an intensity of light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer into an output voltage from the photodetection element corresponding to the intensity,
wherein an optical signal having intensities of at least two levels is applied, and
wherein, under a condition that a magnitude of an output voltage has a first value when the intensity of the light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer is a first intensity and has a second value when the intensity of the light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer is a second intensity and the second intensity is greater than the first intensity,
current flows from the first ferromagnetic layer to the second ferromagnetic layer when the second value is larger than the first value, and
current flows from the second ferromagnetic layer to the first ferromagnetic layer when the second value is smaller than the first value.
7. The photodetection element according to claim 6 ,
wherein the first magnetic layer is a perpendicular magnetization film.
8. The photodetection element according to claim 6 ,
wherein the first magnetic layer exhibits ferromagnetism except for ferrimagnetism.
9. The photodetection element according to claim 6 ,
wherein the first magnetic layer comprises CoFeB alloy.
10. The photodetection element according to claim 6 ,
wherein the first magnetic layer comprises Fe, and a concentration of Fe in the first magnetic layer is more than 50 atomic %.
11. The photodetection element according to claim 6 , further comprising a hard bias layer configured to apply a bias magnetic field to the first ferromagnetic layer,
wherein the hard bias layer is at a position overlapping a laminate including the first ferromagnetic layer, the second ferromagnetic layer and the spacer layer when viewed from a direction orthogonal to a lamination direction of the laminate.
12. The photodetection element according to claim 11 ,
wherein a magnetization direction of the hard bias layer is opposite to a magnetization direction of the first ferromagnetic layer in a state in which the light is not applied to the first ferromagnetic layer.
13. The photodetection element according to claim 6 , further comprising a soft magnetic material,
wherein the soft magnetic material covers at least a part of outer circumference of a laminate including the first ferromagnetic layer, the second ferromagnetic layer and the spacer layer from outside in a plan view from a lamination direction of the laminate.
14. The photodetection element according to claim 13 ,
wherein the soft magnetic material has an opening.
15. The photodetection element according to claim 14 ,
wherein the opening has a mesh-like magnetic net connected to the soft magnetic material.
16. The photodetection element according to claim 6 , further comprising an integrated circuit,
wherein the integrated circuit and a laminate including the first ferromagnetic layer, the second ferromagnetic layer and the spacer layer are formed on the same substrate via an interlayer insulating film, and
wherein the integrated circuit and the laminate are connected via through wiring that passes through the interlayer insulating film.
17. A photodetection element comprising:
a first ferromagnetic layer;
a second ferromagnetic layer;
a spacer layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer; and
a hard bias layer configured to apply a bias magnetic field to the first ferromagnetic layer,
wherein the photodetection element is configured to convert an intensity of light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer into an output voltage from the photodetection element corresponding to the intensity, and
wherein the hard bias layer is at a position overlapping a laminate including the first ferromagnetic layer, the second ferromagnetic layer and the spacer layer when viewed from a direction orthogonal to a lamination direction of the laminate.
18. The photodetection element according to claim 17 ,
wherein a magnetization direction of the hard bias layer is opposite to a magnetization direction of the first ferromagnetic layer in a state in which the light is not applied to the first ferromagnetic layer.
19. A photodetection element comprising:
a first ferromagnetic layer;
a second ferromagnetic layer;
a spacer layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer; and
a soft magnetic material,
wherein the photodetection element is configured to convert an intensity of light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer into an output voltage from the photodetection element corresponding to the intensity, and
wherein the soft magnetic material covers at least a part of outer circumference of a laminate including the first ferromagnetic layer, the second ferromagnetic layer and the spacer layer from outside in a plan view from a lamination direction of the laminate.
20. The photodetection element according to claim 19 ,
wherein the soft magnetic material has an opening.
21. The photodetection element according to claim 20 ,
wherein the opening has a mesh-like magnetic net connected to the soft magnetic material.
22. A photodetection element comprising:
a first ferromagnetic layer;
a second ferromagnetic layer;
a spacer layer sandwiched between the first ferromagnetic layer and the second ferromagnetic layer; and
an integrated circuit,
wherein the photodetection element is configured to convert an intensity of light applied to the first ferromagnetic layer into an output voltage from the photodetection element corresponding to the intensity,
wherein the integrated circuit and a laminate including the first ferromagnetic layer, the second ferromagnetic layer and the spacer layer are formed on the same substrate via an interlayer insulating film, and
wherein the integrated circuit and the laminate are connected via through wiring that passes through the interlayer insulating film.