Particle filter with ultrasound device
Filter installations for suspended matter in flowing fluids, including filtration methods, uses and equipment and plants with filter installations. A device reducing the specific particle count of suspended matter by means of an energy input using ultrasound waves stabilized with electronic feedback loops and their harmonics in the fluids or in objects attached thereto. A flow pipe having a wall, which, on its outer side, its inner side, and/or in the wall has pairs of mutually opposite exciters of longitudinal waves and their harmonics, and/or reflectors, opposite the exciters of the flow pipe to a filter, which keeps the specific particle counts of the suspended matter in the filtered fluids to below the detectable limit.
1. A filtration method without using a reflector, comprising:
(I) conveying fluids containing particles having a particle size of from 400 μm to ≤500 μm into and through a flow pipe and/or a wall-free flow area through a flow channel with a volume flow of 10 −2 mL/sec to 10 5 mL/sec;
(II) generating a standing acoustic ultrasonic field having an energy input into the flow channel of 0.25 W to 1 KW by means of ultrasonic waves of the frequency of 20 KHz to 800 MHz in the flowing fluids, whereby
in the case of the wall-free flow area, the standing acoustic ultrasonic field is generated by at least two pairs of mutually associated and mutually opposing exciters of ultrasonic waves, wherein the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°,
in the case of the flow pipe, the standing acoustic ultrasonic field is generated by at least two pairs of mutually associated and mutually opposing exciters of ultrasonic waves, which pairs are arranged on the outside and/or on the inside and/or in the respective closed wall itself so that the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°,
(III) monitoring, modulating, and stabilizing the standing acoustic ultrasonic field by means of a feedback loop;
(IV) (a) conveying the fluids with a volume flow of 10 −2 mL/sec to 10 5 mL/sec in a conveying direction into and through the flow pipe and/or into and through the wall free flow area and through a fluid connection of the flow pipe and/or of the wall-free flow area to a filter having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm and being permeated by the fluids, while (b) metering particles having a particle size of from 400 nm
to ≤500 μm into the flow channel;
whereby the flowing fluids with particles of particle sizes of 400 pm to ≤50 nm having a specific particle number (N/Vt)≤20%; and/or with particles of particle sizes of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm having a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≤20%; and/or with particles of particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm having a specific particle number (NNt) ≥80%; and/or with the particles having a particle size of from 400 pm to ≤500 μm having a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≥80% are formed by aggregation and agglomeration of the particles having a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 μm;
(V) separating the particles having a particle size of 400 nm to ≤500 μm from the flowing fluids by the filter, after which the filtrated fluids emerging from the filter have a total specific particle number (N/Vt) below the respective detection limit and/or up to 0.1%,
(VI) (a) channeling the particles having a particle size of 400 nm to <500 μm out of the flow channel into a branch of the flow pipe or of the wall-free flow area, while (b) exposing the particles to shock waves or standing longitudinal waves; and
(VII) filtering the particles by means of a further filter, wherein N is particle number, V is volume in cubic meters, t is time in hours, and wherein the percentages given above are each based on the respective specific starter numbers (N/Vt) of the respective particles being 100%.
2. The filtration method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluids containing particles include organic, inorganic and/or biogenic, gaseous, gel-like, liquid and/or solid particles with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 μm and/or of other molecularly dispersed noxae from liquid, gel-like and/or gaseous fluids and/or for their chemical conversion in these fluids;
wherein the fluids are selected from the group consisting of air, industrial gases, raw gases, medical gases, exhaust gases, water, waste water, organic solvents, solutions, edible oils, lubricating oils, gear oils, crude oils, foods, coolants, dispersions, suspensions and/or emulsions;
wherein the particles are selected from the group consisting of
finely divided turbid matter, liquid waste, fermentation residues, animal waste, slurry, slaughterhouse waste, liquid manure, excrement, kitchen waste, biowaste, radioactive and non-radioactive, organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic and biogenic particles, cigarette smoke, cigar smoke, electric cigarette smoke, fiber materials, biogas plant waste, surface coating agents, varnish residues, sewage sludge, effluents, paints, varnishes, sealing materials, polymer waste, macromolecules, acid aerosols, mercury vapors, gas bubbles formed by cavitation in fluids, cells, organelles, blood cells, viruses and microorganisms, prions, spores, pollen, seeds, insect eggs, parts of insects, flour dusts, fine dusts that occur in road traffic, shipping and air traffic, welding, soldering, mechanical abrasion, leaks in systems, renovation work, the demolition of buildings, woodworking, stone methoding, plastic methoding and metalworking, laser cutting and the surface and underground mining of coal, minerals and metals as well as in building fires, forest fires, peat fires, fires in pipelines, crude oil production systems, natural gas production systems, mines, coal seams and chemical systems, mechanical and chemical decomposition, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents and sandstorms; and
wherein the molecularly dispersed noxae are selected from the group consisting of
partially halogenated and perhalogenated organic compounds, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrocyanic acid, sulfur hexafluoride and other gaseous fluorides NOx nitrous gases, nitrous oxide, ammonia, amines, phosphines, phosgene, pseudohalogens, halogens, halogen oxides, peroxides, peroxide radicals, radioactive compounds and nuclides, oxygen radicals and ozone.
3. The filtration method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluids containing particles are used for the coagulation of protein, for the production of blood plasma, for repressing of gels, for increasing the reaction rate of chemical reactions the destruction of microorganisms, the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and/or cooling of room air, the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and/or cooling of the air in air conditioning systems, fume cupboards, clean rooms, ultraclean rooms, personal locks and overpressure and vacuum chambers, the recycling as well as the for cleaning, drying and/or cooling of air, gases and liquids for human and veterinary use, the cleaning of cell cultures, the recycling as well as for the cleaning, drying and/or cooling of the atmosphere in manned spacecraft, the recycling and the purification, drying and/or cooling of the air in automobiles, trucks, buses, trains, ships, airplanes, animal barns and toilet facilities, the recycling and cleaning of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, the cleaning of the atmosphere, the collection of gaseous, solid and liquid terrestrial samples, the collection of atmospheric samples up to and in the stratosphere, the collection of gaseous, solid and liquid planetary and atmospheric samples on planets with an atmosphere, radioactive decontamination, the extraction of liquid water from the terrestrial atmosphere, the protection of filter membranes, water filters and gas filters from particles, the dissolution and detachment of filter cake from filters and membranes as well as for the post-cleaning of exhaust gases from electric dust separators, venturi washers, optical separators, gas separators, gas washers, SCR catalysts, OCR catalysts and electrostats.
4. The filtration method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluids containing particles are used for increasing the speed of chemical reactions, in and on dust protection curtains, in and on devices for clinical and extra-clinical intensive and respiratory care, in lower anesthesia devices in and on devices for converting ammonia and NOx int˜ nitrogen, in and on devices for the ventilation of clean rooms, ultraclean rooms, personal locks, fume cupboards, negative and positive pressure chambers, in and on gas masks and breathing masks, in and on devices to protect against viruses, microorganisms, insect eggs and insect parts, in and on devices, to protect against smog, VOG, car exhaust fumes, dust, aerosols and combustion gases, in and on cigarettes, cigars and electric cigarettes, in and on vacuum cleaners, in and on suction systems of welding torches, laser cutters and grinding devices, in and on the exhaust systems of combustion motors, in and on devices for protection against welding spatter, welding mist, spray paint overspray and dust explosions, in and on ventilation systems of animal stalls and toilet facilities and in devices, apparatus and systems for removing fine dust and noxious substances in the event of mechanical abrasion, in the event of leaks in systems renovation work, in woodworking, in stone working as well as in garbage incineration, building fires, forest fires, peat fires, fires of pipelines, crude oil production plants, natural gas production plants, mines, coal seams and chemical plants, mechanical and chemical decomposition, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents and sandstorms, in and on aircrafts, in and on remote-controlled robotic vehicles for collecting dust samples on earth and on other celestial bodies with atmospheres and for radioactive decontamination, in and on plants for extraction of water from the atmosphere, in and on systems with electrical dust collectors and electrostats, in and on electrical appliances, washing machines, tumble dryers, refrigerators, vertical freezers and chest freezers, PCs, laptops, notebooks, iPads and servers, in and on plant-based air purifiers as well in and on passively drifting or powered surface and underwater swimming devices for collecting microplastics in sea water, in lakes and rivers.