System and methods for residual limbs of amputees
Various aspects of this disclosure relate to a prosthetic cover comprising an array of sensors, which transmit signals to an array of electrodes in a liner that fits over a residual limb of an amputee. Different interactions with the prosthetic cover cause different activation of the electrodes to transmit electrical current through different areas of the residual limb and modulate neurons differently within the residual limb.
1. A system for modulating nerve activation in a residual limb of an amputee, comprising:
a cover configured to overlay an outer surface of an arm portion of an upper extremity prosthesis, a leg portion of an above knee prosthesis or a leg portion of a below knee prosthesis, the cover comprising:
an outer layer, the outer layer including:
a plurality of actuators configured to depress responsive to a force or pressure applied by a user; and
an inner layer including:
a plurality of sensors configured to sense the force or the pressure applied to the at least one of the plurality of actuators; and
a liner including a plurality of electrodes in communication with the plurality of sensors and configured to receive the residual limb,
wherein the plurality of electrodes are activated in response to one or more of the sensors sensing the force or the pressure, and transmit electrical current to stimulate nerve fibers in the residual limb when the electrode is in electrical communication with the residual limb.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each sensor corresponds to an electrode.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical current is pulsed electrical current.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrodes are arranged in an array.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein transmitting the electrical current to the residual limb reduces one or more symptoms of phantom limb syndrome.
6. A method to modulate nerve activation in a residual limb of an amputee, comprising:
providing a system that comprises a cover and a liner, wherein the cover is configured to overlay an outer surface of an arm portion of an upper extremity prosthesis, a leg portion of an above knee prosthesis or a leg portion of a below knee prosthesis, the cover comprising:
an outer layer, the outer layer including:
a plurality of actuators configured to depress responsive to a force or pressure applied by a user; and
an inner layer including:
a plurality of sensors configured to sense the force or the pressure from at least one of the plurality of actuators, and
wherein the liner includes a plurality of electrodes in communication with the plurality of sensors and the liner is configured to receive the residual limb;
attaching the cover to the arm portion of an upper extremity prosthesis, the leg portion of an above knee prosthesis or the leg portion of a below knee prosthesis;
attaching the liner to the residual limb such that each electrode of the plurality of electrodes is in electrical communication with the residual limb;
attaching the prosthesis to the residual limb;
depressing one or more of the actuators with the force or the pressure;
sensing, with each sensor, the force or the pressure on the one or more actuators;
and
stimulating nerve fibers in the residual limb.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein each sensor corresponds to an electrode.
8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
transmitting electrical current to the residual limb, with an electrode, responsive to the sensor sensing the force or the pressure.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
stimulating the nerve fibers in the residual limb responsive to transmitting the electrical current.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein:
the system comprises an electrode controller in electrical communication with each electrode of the plurality of electrodes; and
further comprising:
transmitting, with the electrode controller, the electrical current, via the electrodes, to the residual limb.
11. A method to treat phantom limb syndrome in an amputee, comprising:
providing a system that comprises a cover and a liner, wherein the cover is configured to overlay an outer surface of an arm portion of an upper extremity prosthesis, a leg portion of an above knee prosthesis or a leg portion of a below knee prosthesis, the cover comprising:
an outer layer, the outer layer including:
a plurality of actuators configured to depress responsive to a force or pressure applied by a user; and
an inner layer including:
a plurality of sensors configured to sense the force or the pressure from at least one of the plurality of actuators, and
wherein the liner includes a plurality of electrodes in communication with the plurality of sensors and the liner is configured to receive the residual limb;
attaching the cover to the arm portion of an upper extremity prosthesis, the leg portion of an above knee prosthesis or the leg portion of a below knee prosthesis;
attaching the liner to a residual limb such that each electrode of the plurality of electrodes is in electrical communication with the residual limb;
attaching the prosthesis to the residual limb;
depressing one or more of the actuators with the force or the pressure;
sensing, with each sensor, the force or the pressure on the one or more actuators; and
stimulating nerve fibers in the residual limb.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein each sensor corresponds to at least two electrodes, and each electrode corresponds to at least one sensor.
13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
transmitting electrical current to the residual limb, with at least one of the plurality of electrodes, responsive to the sensor sensing the force or the pressure.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
stimulating the nerve fibers in the residual limb responsive to transmitting the electrical current; and
evoking a somatic sensation that a missing limb is intact responsive to stimulating the nerve fibers.
15. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a controller, wherein the controller is in communication with the plurality of electrodes and transmits electrical current to the residual limb, via the electrodes, when the electrodes are in electrical communication with the residual limb.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein:
the controller is a mobile computing device; and
wireless communication is mediated by one or both of a Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connection between the mobile computing device and the plurality of electrodes.
17. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a spacer located between the inner layer and the outer layer.
18. The system of claim 1 , wherein each actuator is configured as a flex panel.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein each flex panel has a surface area larger than a surface area of each of the plurality of the sensors such that depressing any portion of an actuator transduces a force or pressure to at least one of the sensors.
20. The method of claim 6 , further comprising:
selectively pressing the actuators to apply the force or the pressure at a desired location.
21. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors has a three-dimensional configuration in the shape of a leg or arm.
22. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
bypassing the sensors, with the controller, to cause each electrode to transmit electrical current to the residual limb.
23. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
transmitting, with the controller, electrical current through the residual limb when the amputee is not wearing the cover.
24. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
tracking the amputee's use of the system;
developing a pattern that displays a high probability of efficaciously treating phantom limb syndrome; and
running, with the controller, programs to implement the pattern.
25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising:
wherein the pattern includes data from crowd-sourced use records from a plurality of amputees.