Turbine engine with composite airfoils
A turbine engine includes a fan and a turbomachine defining an engine centerline. The turbomachine includes a compressor section, a combustion section, and a turbine section in serial flow order. The turbine engine also includes a set of composite airfoils circumferentially arranged about the engine centerline. An airfoil in the set of composite airfoils including a composite portion extending chordwise between a composite leading edge and a trailing edge and a leading edge protector coupled to the composite portion. The leading edge protector includes at least one projection extended past a base of the airfoil to a root of the airfoil.
1. A turbine engine, comprising:
a fan;
a turbomachine defining an engine centerline and comprising a compressor section, a combustion section, and a turbine section in serial flow order;
the fan comprising a first stage of composite airfoils circumferentially arranged about the engine centerline, a first airfoil of the first stage of composite airfoils comprising:
a first composite portion extending chordwise between a first composite leading edge and a first trailing edge and extending spanwise between a first base and a first tip, the first composite portion including a pressure sidewall and a suction sidewall extending between the first composite leading edge and the first trailing edge,
a root extending from the first base of the first composite portion,
a first leading edge protector receiving at least a portion of the first composite leading edge of the first composite portion, the first leading edge protector extending chordwise from a first leading edge towards the first composite portion for a first leading length (FLL), the first leading edge protector including at least one projection extending past the first base to the root, and
the first composite portion and the first leading edge protector together defining an exterior surface of the first airfoil and extending chordwise between the first leading edge and the first trailing edge to define a first chord length (FCL); and
a second stage of composite airfoils located downstream of the first stage of composite airfoils and circumferentially arranged about the engine centerline, a second airfoil of the second stage of composite airfoils comprising:
a second composite portion extending chordwise between a second composite leading edge and a second trailing edge;
a second leading edge protector receiving at least a portion of the second composite leading edge of the second composite portion, the second leading edge protector extending chordwise from a second leading edge towards the second composite portion for a second leading length (SLL); and
the second composite portion and the second leading edge protector together defining an exterior surface of the second airfoil and extending chordwise between the second leading edge and the second trailing edge to define a second chord length (SCL);
wherein the first leading length (FLL) and the first chord length (FCL) are related to the second leading length (SLL) and the second chord length (SCL) by a stage protection factor (SPF),
wherein the
SPF
=
(
FLL
/
FCL
)
(
SLL
/
SCL
)
and the SPF is greater than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 4 (0.7≤SPF≤4).
2. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the first leading edge protector includes a first wall adjacent the suction sidewall, a second wall adjacent the pressure sidewall, and a third wall adjacent the first composite leading edge and interconnecting the first wall and the second wall.
3. The turbine engine of claim 2 , wherein the at least one projection includes a first projection formed by the first wall and extending over a portion of the root and a second projection formed by the second wall and extending over a portion of the root.
4. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the at least one projection is spaced from the root.
5. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein:
the first leading edge protector is bonded to the first composite portion; and
the second leading edge protector is bonded to the second composite portion.
6. The turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising a speed reduction device driven by the turbine section for rotating the fan about the engine centerline.
7. The turbine engine of claim 6 , wherein the turbine section includes a fan drive turbine and a second turbine and the second turbine is disposed forward of the fan drive turbine and the fan drive turbine includes a plurality of fan drive turbine stages with the speed reduction device driven by the fan drive turbine.
8. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein:
the first stage of composite airfoils and the second stage of composite airfoils include a polymer matrix composite (PMC); and
at least one of the first leading edge protector or the second leading edge protector is a metallic leading edge protector.
9. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the first airfoil extends spanwise between a first root and a first tip to define a first span length and wherein the second airfoil extends spanwise between a second root and a second tip to define a second span length and wherein the SPF is between 20% and 80% of the first span length and the second span length, inclusive of endpoints.
10. The turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the SPF is greater than or equal to 0.95 and less than or equal to 2.5 (0.95≤SPF≤2.5).
11. A turbine engine comprising:
a fan;
a turbomachine defining an engine centerline and comprising a compressor section, a combustion section, and a turbine section in serial flow order; and
the fan comprising a set of composite airfoils circumferentially arranged about the engine centerline, an airfoil of the set of composite airfoils comprising:
a composite portion extending chordwise between a composite leading edge and a trailing edge and extending spanwise between a base and a tip, the composite portion including a pressure sidewall and a suction sidewall extending between the composite leading edge and the trailing edge,
a root extending from the base of the composite portion,
a leading edge protector coupled to the composite portion at the composite leading edge to define a seam, and extending chordwise between a leading edge and the seam to define a leading length (LL), the leading edge protector including at least one projection extending past the base to the root; and
the composite portion and the leading edge protector together defining an exterior surface of the airfoil and extending chordwise between the leading edge and the trailing edge to define a chord length (CL);
wherein the leading length (LL) is related to the chord length (CL) by an airfoil protection factor
(
APF
)
=
(
LL
)
(
CL
)
and the APF is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than or equal to 0.3 (0.1≤APF≤0.3).
12. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the leading edge protector includes a first wall adjacent the suction sidewall, a second wall adjacent the pressure sidewall, and a third wall adjacent the leading edge and interconnecting the first wall and the second wall.
13. The turbine engine of claim 12 , wherein the at least one projection includes a first projection formed by the first wall and extending over a portion of the root and a second projection formed by the second wall and extending over a portion of the root.
14. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the at least one projection is spaced from the root.
15. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the leading edge protector is bonded to the composite portion.
16. The turbine engine of claim 11 , further comprising:
a speed reduction device driven by the turbine section for rotating the fan about the engine centerline; and
wherein the turbine section includes a fan drive turbine and a second turbine, the second turbine is disposed forward of the fan drive turbine, and the fan drive turbine includes a plurality of fan drive turbine stages with the speed reduction device driven by the fan drive turbine.
17. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein:
the set of composite airfoils includes a first stage of composite airfoils and a second stage of composite airfoils downstream from the first stage of composite airfoils; and
the first stage of composite airfoils is a set of fan blades and the second stage of composite airfoils is a set of outlet guide vanes.
18. The turbine engine of claim 17 , wherein:
composite airfoils in the first stage of composite airfoils have a first airfoil protection factor (APF1) and composite airfoils in the second stage of composite airfoils have a second airfoil protection factor (APF2);
the APF1 relates to the APF2 by an expression:
A
P
F
1
A
P
F
2
to define a stage protection factor (SPF); and
the SPF is greater than or equal to 0.7 and less than or equal to 4 (0.7≤SPF≤4).
19. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein the composite airfoils in the set of composite airfoils extend spanwise between a root and a tip to define a span length and the APF is determined between 20% and 80% of the span length.
20. The turbine engine of claim 11 , wherein:
the composite portion is formed from a polymer matrix composite (PMC); and
the leading edge protector is a metallic leading edge protector.